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41.
Edgar Hiller Lenka Zemanov?? Maro? Sirotiak L??ubom??r Jurkovi? 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,173(1-4):883-897
Dredging water reservoirs is necessary to maintain accumulation capacity and to prevent floodings. As a first step, the quality of the bed sediments in water reservoirs must be determined before dredging operations. In this study, sediment samples from 34 stations of three selected water reservoirs (Zemplinska Sirava, Velke Kozmalovce, and Ruzin) were collected to investigate concentrations, distributions, and hazards of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and to predict their possible sources. Total PCB concentrations were in the range of 20.4 to 2,325?ng/g. The maximum concentrations of PCBs were found in sediments from Zemplinska Sirava, which is in the vicinity of a former manufacturer of PCBs. The composition of PCBs was characterized by tri- and hexa-CB congeners, indicating the influence of contamination from the use of specific Delor mixtures, formerly produced and massively used on the territory of Slovakia. The data showed that the highest total PAH concentrations were associated with the sediments from the Velke Kozmalovce, ranging from 7,910 to 29,538?ng/g. On the other hand, the lowest total PAH concentrations (84?C631?ng/g of dry weight) were found in the sediments of Zemplinska Sirava, an important recreational area in eastern Slovakia. The distribution of individual PAHs was similar among the three water reservoirs, and this, together with principal component analysis and diagnostic PAH ratios, suggests mainly pyrolytic contamination of the sediments. However, petrogenic inputs appear to be important in the Zemplinska Sirava sediments. 相似文献
42.
Salamún P Renčo M Miklisová D Hanzelová V 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,183(1-4):451-464
Soil nematode communities (taxa composition, trophic structure, ecological indices) in the area of metallurgical factory (Oravské ferozliatinárske závody) in ?iroká, Northern Slovakia were investigated in 2009. The factory belongs to main sources of emissions originated by ferroalloy production in this region. Four sites (meadows) were selected in a downwind direction from the factory: site A was located 0.85 km far from the factory, and the other sites were maintained in approximately 2-km intervals from each other. Chemical analysis of soil samples showed low concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), with all values being under Slovak limit concentrations of heavy metals in soils. Only the Cd content in the soil sample from site A slightly exceeded the allowable threshold, but it was decreasing with the distance from the factory, similarly as remaining metals except Cr, with slightly increasing trend of concentration. Within 64 identified nematode genera, the Helicotylenchus, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Acrobeloides, Cephalobus and Rhabditis were most common and eudominant. This was clearly reflected on the trophic structure of nematode communities, where plant feeding nematodes and bacteriovorous prevailed. Significant negative correlation (P?0.05) was observed between the abundance of bacteriovores and the concentration of Cu in the soil. On the other hand, fungivores showed significant correlation with Ni and Cr (P?0.05) as well as predators with Cd, Pb and Zn contents in the soil (P?0.01). The highly significant correlation (P?0.05; P?0.01) was found between As, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn and Maturity Index 2-5. A negative relationship was detected between Maturity Index and the concentration of Cr in the soil (P?0.01). On the other hand, Cu was in positive correlation with MI values. The MI, reflecting the degree of disturbances and changes in the structure and function of the soil ecosystem, was found to be the most sensitive indicator among all used indices. 相似文献
43.
This paper examines whether Russia suffers from “Dutch Disease” by investigating the real appreciation of the Russian ruble and the relative de-industrialization in the post Soviet Union-era. According to UNDP Russia Report (2009) the Russian economy has indeed exhibited some typical symptoms of “Dutch Disease” in recent years as upward movements in oil prices are accompanied by a reduction in the share of manufacturing output and an increase in service prices. Furthermore, the report claims that these developments may trigger a recession in Russia in the future. Using Gregory and Hansen (1996a, 1996b) and Arai and Kurozumi (2007) structural break cointegration frameworks, our results indicate that the Russian economy exhibits some typical symptoms of “Dutch Disease”. Although the diagnosis is not certain, the risk is evident. Hence, policies that would make the Russian economy more robust to shocks in the oil price need to be carefully designed and implemented. 相似文献
44.
Din Nazlm lkyaz Tosun Alper Umut Batrkc Esra zer Mustafa Burat Frat 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(1):224-236
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This paper reports physical and physicochemical routes for the recycling of gold, silver, and copper from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). The... 相似文献
45.
Simona?Kralj-Fi?erEmail author Jutta?M.?Schneider ?iva?Justinek Sabina?Kalin Matja??Gregori? Stano?Pekár Matja??Kuntner 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(1):145-151
Sexual cannibalism particularly before mating is costly for the male victim but also for the female aggressor if she risks
remaining unmated. The aggressive spillover hypothesis explains the persistence of this behavior as a maladaptive side effect
of positive selection on aggressiveness in a foraging context. The hypothesis predicts that the occurrence of sexual cannibalism
is explained by female aggressiveness but is not related to male phenotype or behavioral type. An alternative hypothesis invokes
sexual selection and makes the opposite prediction namely that sexual cannibalism is an expression of female choice and should
hence mainly target males of low quality. We tested the above hypotheses on a sexually dimorphic nephilid spider Nephilengys livida, known for male monopolization of females via genital damage, female genital plugging, and mate guarding, by staging mating
trials during which we recorded mating behaviors and occurrences of pre- and postcopulatory cannibalism. We did not restrict
assessment of aggressiveness to the mating and foraging context but also included aggression against same sex conspecifics.
To assess female personalities, i.e., consistent individual differences in behavior including aggressiveness, we repeatedly
tested them for intra-sex aggression, voracity towards prey, locomotory activity, and boldness. Females exhibited consistent
differences in intra-sex aggressiveness, latency to attack prey, and boldness. Aggressive females had shorter latencies to
attack prey and were more active than non-aggressive ones. In contrast to the predictions of the aggressive spillover hypothesis,
females that were aggressive towards prey and towards other females were not more likely to attack a male than non-aggressive
females. In support of the mate choice hypothesis, less aggressive males were more likely attacked and cannibalized than more
aggressive ones. This hints at sexual selection for aggressiveness in males and raises the question of mechanisms that maintain
variation in male aggressiveness. 相似文献
46.
Radionuclides from the U and Th natural series are present in alkaline rocks, which are used as feedstock in Brazil for the
production of raw phosphoric acid, which can be considered as a NORM (naturally occurring radioactive material). As a result
of the purification of raw phosphoric acid to food-grade phosphoric acid, two by-products are generated, i.e., solid and liquid
wastes. Taking this into account, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the fluxes of natural radionuclide in the production
of food-grade phosphoric acids in Brazil, to determine the radiological impact caused by ingestion of food-grade phosphoric
acid, and to evaluate the solid waste environmental hazards caused by its application in crop soils. Radiological characterization
of raw phosphoric acid, food-grade phosphoric acid, solid waste, and liquid waste was performed by alpha and gamma spectrometry.
The 238U, 234U, 226Ra, and 232Th activity concentrations varied depending on the source of raw phosphoric acid. Decreasing radionuclides activity concentrations
in raw phosphoric acids used by the producer of the purified phosphoric acid were observed as follows: Tapira (raw phosphoric
acid D) > Catal?o (raw phosphoric acids B and C) > Cajati (raw phosphoric acid A). The industrial purification process produces
a reduction in radionuclide activity concentrations in food-grade phosphoric acid in relation to raw phosphoric acid produced
in plant D and single raw phosphoric acid used in recent years. The most common use of food-grade phosphoric acid is in cola
soft drinks, with an average consumption in Brazil of 72 l per person per year. Each liter of cola soft drink contains 0.5 ml
of food-grade phosphoric acid, which gives an annual average intake of 36 ml of food-grade phosphoric acid per person. Under
these conditions, radionuclide intake through consumption of food-grade phosphoric acid per year per person via cola soft
drinks is not hazardous to human health in Brazil. Considering these annual additions of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, and since these radionuclide should be homogeneously distributed in the upper 10 cm of soils with an assumed apparent density
of 1.5 g/cm3, a maximum increase of 0.19 ± 0.03 Bq kg−1 of soil is expected for 238U and 234U. Thus, the addition of solid waste as phosphate fertilizers to Brazilian agricultural soils does not represent a hazard
to the ecosystem or to human health. 相似文献
47.
Diogo Rúben Neves Sara Rodrigues Concei??o Juana Fortes Maria Teresa Reis Jo?o Alfredo Santos Rui Capit?o 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2012,16(4):489-501
This paper describes a first approach on the risk assessment in port navigation using GUIOMAR, an integrated system for port and coastal engineering modelling developed at the National Civil Engineering Laboratory (LNEC), Portugal, using a GIS software environment. A set of automatic procedures was designed to include a new methodology based on the amplitude of the wave-induced vertical movement of a ship along its trajectory. In this methodology, the risk in port navigation is assessed on the basis of a combination of the probability of exceedance of a pre-set threshold for the ship??s vertical movements and its consequences. To test the new procedures, a set of sea wave records obtained at the Sines wave-buoy from 1988 to 2002 was transferred into Sines Port using two numerical models of sea wave propagation and deformation (SWAN and DREAMS), included in the GUIOMAR system. The numerical model WAMIT was used for estimating the wave-induced ship??s vertical movements inside the port. By applying the new procedures, automatic generation of risk maps was carried out for navigation in the vicinity of the West breakwater of the Port of Sines. The recent developments contribute towards a more versatile and efficient GUIOMAR system, which results in a more adequate tool to support decision-making processes in port and coastal management. 相似文献
48.
Korpinen L P??kk?nen R Gobba F 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2012,18(2):137-147
The aim of our work was to study the physical symptoms of upper- and lower-level white-collar workers using a questionnaire. The study was cross-sectional with a questionnaire posted to 15 000 working-age persons. The responses (6121) included 970 upper- and 1150 lower-level white-collar workers. In the upper- and lower-level white-collar worker groups, 45.7 and 56.0%, respectively, had experienced pain, numbness and aches in the neck either pretty often or more frequently. When comparing daily computer users and nonusers, there were significant differences in pain, numbness and aches in the neck or in the shoulders. In addition, age and gender influenced some physical symptoms. In the future, it is essential to take into account that working with computers can be especially associated with physical symptoms in the neck and in the shoulders when workers use computers daily. 相似文献
49.
典型土壤持久性有机污染物空间分布特征及环境行为研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
持久性有机污染物(POPs)由于具有致癌性、致畸性和致突变效应的"三致性",近年来已经越来越受到人们的关注.本文综合分析了有机氯农药(OCPs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)、二英类(PCDD/Fs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)及多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)等几种典型土壤持久性有机污染物的空间分布特征.同时,对土壤POPs的挥发作用、吸附/解吸、迁移、生物降解、化学降解等环境行为进行了深入分析,并指出了这些环境行为的影响因素,包括POPs的物质属性、土壤理化性质及周围环境等共性影响因素及其它因素.此外,针对国内外研究现状中存在的问题,提出了相关建议,指出控制土壤POPs污染的根本手段在于管理措施的完善. 相似文献
50.
Jannika?E.?Bostr?mEmail author Cecilia?Kullberg Susanne??kesson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(5):819-821
In a previous study, we found that juvenile northern wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) exposed to a magnetic displacement to the west of their natural migration route increased their body mass. The total intensity
and inclination used for the western displacement may also have been interpreted as northern compared to the experimental
site (stronger total field intensity and steeper inclination angle). In order to investigate whether the fuelling response
was a response to an unexpected magnetic field or specific to the northern magnetic field, we conducted a new experiment.
Juvenile wheatears from the same study population were magnetically displaced to southwestern magnetic fields, exposing the
birds to unexpected magnetic combinations, but eliminating the possible effect of a northern magnetic field. A control group
was kept in the local geomagnetic field in Sweden for comparison. There was no difference in body mass increase between treatments,
suggesting that the fuelling response previously found was not a simple response to an unexpected magnetic field, but rather
a specific response to the northern magnetic field. Juvenile wheatears may have developed a fuelling response to northern
magnetic fields in order to enable a successful flight towards the migration goal. 相似文献