同安区工业固体废物管理现状及防治对策

阐述了厦门市同安区工业固体废物的环境管理现状，分析其原因，并就辖区工业固废污染防治工作提出了对策措施。     

Biotransformation of N-phenyl-β-naphthylamine to β-naphthylamine in a laboratory sludge system

$\text{N}$-Phenyl-$\text{β}$-naphthylamine, a widely used rubber antioxidant and antiozonant, was biotransformed into $\text{β}$-naphthylamine, a potent carcinogen, in a laboratory sewage sludge system. $\text{β}$-Naphthylamine appeared to accumulate in the aqueous phase of the system while the undegraded parent compound appeared to be associated with the sludge solids.     

An assessment of the sensitivity and reliability of the relative reduction factor approach in the development of 8-hr ozone attainment plans

The updated regulatory framework for demonstrating that future 8-hr ozone (O3) design values will be at or below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) provides guidelines for the development of a State Implementation Plan (SIP) that includes methods based on photochemical modeling and analytical techniques. One of the suggested approaches is the relative reduction factor (RRF) for estimating the efficacy of emission reductions. In this study, the sensitivity of model-predicted responses towards emission reductions to the choice of meteorology and chemical mechanisms was examined. While the different modeling simulations generally were found to be in agreement on whether predicted future-year design values would be above or below the NAAQS for 8-hr O3 at a majority of the monitoring locations in the eastern United States, differences existed for a small percentage of monitors (approximately 6.4%). Another issue investigated was the ability of the attainment demonstration procedure to predict changes in monitored O3 design values. A retrospective analysis was performed by comparing predicted O3 design values from model simulations using emission estimates for 1996 and 2001 with monitored O3 design values for 2001. Results indicated that an average gross error of approximately 5 ppb was present between modeled and observed design values and that, at approximately 27% of all sites, model-predicted and observed design values disagreed as to whether the design value was above or below the NAAQS. Retrospective analyses such as the one presented in this study can provide valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of modeling and analysis techniques used to predict future design values over time periods of a decade or more for the purpose of developing SIPs. Furthermore, such analyses could provide avenues for improvement and added confidence in the use of the RRF approach for addressing attainment of the NAAQS.     

汉阳陵帝陵外藏坑保护展示厅遗址区的微环境及气溶胶理化特征

为评价汉阳陵帝陵外藏坑保护展示厅内文物保存大气环境的历史演变,本研究于2013-2014年度冬夏两季,对展示厅玻璃护围内(遗址区)、外(游客通道)的大气环境进行了监测与采样分析。结果显示,玻璃护围内存在温、湿度的季节性波动;遗址区PM_(2.5)质量浓度的夏季均值为18.414.6μg·m~(-3),冬季均值为28.0±18.9μg·m~(-3),遗址区与游客通道的I/O比值为0.62±0.23。仅在室外重度灰霾污染后,遗址区浓度高于游客通道。遗址区内气溶胶偏酸性,冬季酸性强于夏季。PM2.5各化学组成中有机物所占比例最高(42%~51%),二次无机离子(SO_4~(2-)与NO_3、NH_4~+之和)夏季占PM_(2.5)的37%,冬季占23%。遗址区内的文物依然面临微环境波动、气溶胶酸性和水溶性组分的物理与化学风化威胁。     

饮水中^234U,^235U,^238U比活度及其评价

本文报道了新疆居民饮水中~(234)U、~(235)U和~(238)U比活度.它们的人口加权几何均值和算术均值分别为,~(234)U:113和186mBq/L;~(235)U: 3.0和 5.0mBq/L;~(238)U:65.9和108mBq/L.~(238)U的几何标准偏差为2.79.~(234)U/~(238)U活度比值为1.72.居民由饮水摄入~(234)U和~(238)U所受的有效剂量当量为13.5μSv/a,诱发1348万居民骨癌期望数约为1例/年.     

水中总α、总β、~(238)U放射性水平及其与残渣含量的关系

本文报道了新疆地区37个不同水源水中总α、总β、~(238)U放射性比活度和残渣含量的调查结果.结果表明,水中总α、总β、~(238)U放射性比活度和残渣含量的算术均值和标准偏差分别为0.84±0.74,0.48±0.37, 0.24±0.16(Bg/L)和1.27±0.72(g/L).水中总α放射性主要是天然铀系核素贡献.水中总α、总β和~(238)U放射性水平与残渣含量呈直线正相关,且可用通式y=a+bx描述.     

Developments in forward osmosis and membrane distillation for desalination of waters

Membrane technology has become a common separation technology over the past decennia. Membranes are used more and more for the production of drinkable water from groundwater, surface water and wastewater. Membranes are now competitive versus conventional techniques. Desalination is predominantly used to eradicate the problem of water scarcity. The sustainability of all desalination processes depends mainly on the reduction of energy costs (production cost) and the increase in water recovery. Forward osmosis and membrane distillation are emerging technologies for sustainable desalination. Here we review membrane processes of forward osmosis and membrane distillation and the advancements in membrane material and modules. We also discuss the capability of membrane distillation in treating highly concentrated aqueous solutions derived from other desalination processes. Furthermore, the advancements in fabrication of high-performance membrane is reviewed and the performance of different membranes and optimization of membrane distillation process are summarized.     

Biotreatment strategies for the removal of microplastics from freshwater systems. A review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Research on plastic pollution has recently evidenced the ubiquitous presence of tiny plastic particles called microplastics. Microplastics alter organisms because...     

Export quality,economic growth,and renewable-nonrenewable energy use: non-linear evidence through regime shifts

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since export has a key role in economic growth in terms of national production quantity, export quality can be considered another important factor...     

Tannery waste as a renewable source of nitrogen for production of multicomponent fertilizers with biostimulating properties

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The studies presented in this work show that solid tannery waste-like shavings can be used as high-protein materials for fertilizer production...