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811.
Dragana S. Đorđević Ivana Tošić Miroslava Unkašević Pavle Đurašković 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(9):1591-1598
Background, aim and scope
Precipitation samples collected from 1995 to 2000 at meteorological station in the eastern outskirts of Herceg Novi (Montenegro) were analysed on Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl–, SO4 2–, NO3 – and NH4 +. Four-day backward trajectory simulations were conducted during the precipitation period to investigate the regional transport of main ions and their deposition in the region of the southeastern Adriatic Sea. The air mass trajectories were classified into six trajectory categories by the origin and direction of their approach to Herceg Novi. 相似文献812.
Kačániová M Hleba L Pochop J Kádasi-Horáková M Fikselová M Rovná K 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(6):571-578
The aim of our study was the identification of grape, must and wine microbiota during the fermentation process using a classical microbiological method and Real-Time PCR. The changes in different groups of microorganisms were monitored in total counts of bacteria, lactobacilli and yeasts. Microbiological parameters were observed during the current collection and processing of grapes in 2009. Samples were taken during the fermentation process in wine enterprises and a private vineyard. During this period 30 samples of wine among Müller Thurgau, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Tramin and Red Bio-wine were examined. Samples were collected from stages of grape-must unfiltered, grape-must filtered, the beginning of fermentation, fermentation, late fermentation and young wine. The highest total counts of bacteria ranged from 0.00 to 176 ± 15 CFU.mL(-1) in the wine of Müller Thurgau, the highest number of yeast ranged from 0.00 to 150 ± 9 CFU.mL(-1) in the wine of Müller Thurgau and the number of Lactobacillus spp. ranged from 0.00 to 92 ± 5 CFU.mL(-1) in the sample of Cabernet Sauvignon wine. The presence and sensitivity of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus salivarius were detected using Real-Time PCR (RTQ PCR). Susceptibility of Enterococcus faecium varied in different isolates from 1 to 10(6) CFU.mL(-1), the sensitivity of the species Lactobacillus acidophilus in different isolates of the wine samples ranged from 1 to 10(5) CFU.mL(-1). We also monitored representation of species Lactobacillus crispatus, which were captured by RTQ PCR sensitivity and ranged from 1 to 10(5) CFU.mL(-1). Identification of the species Lactobacillus salivarius in each of isolates by RTQ PCR method showed the presence of these bacteria in the range of 1 to 10(4) CFU.mL(-1). 相似文献
813.
Stambuk-Giljanović N 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,140(1-3):109-117
The objective of this paper is to study the hydrological characteristics and origin of the hydrogen sulphide spring water
from the Split spa in Southern Croatia in 1987, 1988 and 2003. This paper presents the results of monitoring the content of
chlorides and hydrogen sulphide as well as the temperature of the hydrogen sulphide spring water. Since the hydrogen sulphide
content during the dry periods significantly differs from the hydrogen sulphide content during rainy periods, this paper also
compares the results obtained for those two periods. Under the influence of great quantities of rainfall during cold periods
(winter and the beginning of spring) the ratio between seawater and surface water changes and thus the reduction of chlorides
and other minerals occurs. The lowered temperature also reduces hydrogen sulphide which can disappear completely. The concentration
of 12‰ chlorides (76–94.4% days/year) and 12 mg/L hydrogen sulphide (66.7–88.9% days/year) has been taken as a limit value
between water with a normal typical content and water in cold rainy periods. According to the monitoring results it can be
concluded that hydrogen sulphide spring water consists of seawater and hydrogencarbonate surface water with a fairly constant
content during dry periods while the hydrogencarbonate content increases during rainy periods. 相似文献
814.
815.
Pavlović J Stopić S Friedrich B Kamberović Z 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(7):518-522
Goal, Scope and Background This paper is a part of the research work on ‘Integrated treatment of industrial wastes towards prevention of regional water
resources contamination — INTREAT’ the project. It addresses the environmental pollution problems associated with solid and
liquid waste/effluents produced by sulfide ore mining and metallurgical activities in the Copper Mining and Smelting Complex
Bor (RTB-BOR), Serbia. However, since the minimum solubility for the different metals usually found in the polluted water
occurs at different pH values and the hydroxide precipitates are amphoteric in nature, selective removal of mixed metals could
be achieved as the multiple stage precipitation. For this reason, acid mine water had to be treated in multiple stages in
a continuous precipitation system-cascade line reactor.
Materials and Methods All experiments were performed using synthetic metal-bearing effluent with chemical a composition similar to the effluent
from open pit, Copper Mining and Smelting Complex Bor (RTB-BOR). That effluent is characterized by low pH (1.78) due to the
content of sulfuric acid and heavy metals, such as Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn with concentrations of 76.680, 26.130, 0.113, 11.490,
1.020 mg/dm3, respectively. The cascade line reactor is equipped with the following components: for feeding of effluents, for injection
of the precipitation agent, for pH measurements and control, and for removal of the process gases. The precipitation agent
was 1M NaOH. In each of the three reactors, a changing of pH and temperature was observed. In order to verify efficiency of
heavy metals removal, chemical analyses of samples taken at different pH was done using AES-ICP.
Results Consumption of NaOH in reactors was 370 cm3, 40 cm3 and 80 cm3, respectively. Total time of the experiment was 4 h including feeding of the first reactor. The time necessary to achieve
the defined pH value was 25 min for the first reactor and 13 min for both second and third reactors. Taking into account the
complete process in the cascade line reactor, the difference between maximum and minimum temperature was as low as 6°C. The
quantity of solid residue in reactors respectively was 0.62 g, 2.05 g and 3.91 g. In the case of copper, minimum achieved
concentration was 0.62 mg/dm3 at pH = 10.4. At pH = 4.50 content of iron has rapidly decreased to < 0.1 mg/dm3 and maintained constant at all higher pH values. That means that precipitation has already ended at pH=4.5 and maximum efficiency
of iron removal was 99.53%. The concentration of manganese was minimum at pH value of 11.0. Minimum obtained concentration
of Zn was 2.18 mg/dm3 at a pH value of 11. If pH value is higher than 11, Zn can be re-dissolved. The maximum efficiency of Ni removal reached
76.30% at a pH value of 10.4.
Discussion Obtained results show that efficiency of copper, iron and manganese removal is very satisfactory (higher than 90%). The obtained
efficiency of Zn and Ni removal is lower (72.30% and 76.31%, respectively). The treated effluent met discharge water standard
according to The Council Directive 76/464/EEC on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances into the aquatic environment
of the Community. Maximum changing of temperature during the whole process was 6°C.
Conclusion This technology, which was based on inducing chemical precipitation of heavy metals is viable for selective removal of heavy
metals from metal-bearing effluents in three reactor systems in a cascade line.
Recommendations and Perspectives The worldwide increasing concern for the environment and guidelines regarding effluent discharge make their treatment necessary
for safe discharge in water receivers. In the case where the effluents contain valuable metals, there is also an additional
economic interest to recover these metals and to recycle them as secondary raw materials in different production routes.
ESS-Submission Editor: PhD Hailong Wang, hailong.wang@ensisjv.com 相似文献
816.
Crnković D Ristić M Jovanović A Antonović D 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,125(1-3):75-83
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in 39 soil samples (0–10 cm upper layer) collected in Belgrade, the
capital of Serbia. The sampling sites were randomly selected from urban, urban/recreational and rural areas; the samples were
collected in April and December 2003 and July and October 2004.
The sum of the 16 PAHs corresponding to the recreational zone (298 μg/kg) was close to the urban zone (375 μg/kg). Mean soil
ΣPAH concentration from rural areas was 18 μg/kg dry weight. Comparing to values observed in the urbanized locations around
the world, the overall levels of PAHs in this study are low. The PAH ratios obtained pointed to a domination of pyrogenically
formed PAHs in the examined soils. The dominant PAHs in soil samples in urban zones were fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene, mostly emitted from noncatalyst vehicles which are still in use in Serbia. The total
carcinogenic potency for each sampling site was calculated. Regardless of the used carcinogenic activity factors, carcinogenic
potency of 7 sites were 3–9 times higher than the reference ones indicating the increased carcinogenic burden of soils from
these sites. 相似文献
817.
Sakan S Grzetić I Dordević D 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(4):229-236
Introduction In this work, sediments of the River Tisa (Tisza) are studied to assess their environmental pollution levels for some major
heavy metals, as well as to predict the investigated elements’ mobility on the basis of their association type with the substrate.
The Tisa River catchments area is a subbasin of the River Danube. Part of this river, 166 km long, belongs to the Serbian
province of Vojvodina, before it flows into the Danube. It has been chosen for our investigation, because it has been exposed
to intense pollution in the last decades.
Materials and Methods The river sediment samples were collected at 32 locations. The proportions of sand, silt and clay fractions were determined.
The sequential extraction procedure following a modified Tessier method was applied for speciation of the metal forms in the
collected samples. The metal concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Fe and Mn in extracts were determined by atomic absorption
spectroscopy.
Results and Discussion Granulometric analysis showed that some 50% of the Tisa River sediments were silt and clay, while the rest was sand with quartz,
as the main constituent. The average metal content of the surface river sediment samples for every fraction of sequential
extraction was presented and discussed in relation to pH, Eh and metal fractionation. The average metal content from the Tisa
River sediments, obtained as an average of the metal’s concentration released in all five sequential extraction fractions
was compared with: average metal contents of the Tisa River sediments in Hungary, metal content in soils formed on the Tisa
River alluvium of Vojvodina, average metal content in soils of Vojvodina, and average metal content in soils of Hungary. An
assessment of metal pollution levels in Tisa River sediments was made by comparing mean values for obtained results for the
Tisa River sediments with the freshwater sediment’s Quality Guidelines as published by US EPA, Environment Canada and soil
standards for Serbia.
Conclusion According to US EPA and Canadian Quality Guidelines for freshwater sediments, the concentration of heavy metals in Tisa sediments
were: (a) much higher than defined concentrations below which harmful effects on river biota are unlikely to be observed,
(b) below defined concentrations above which harmful effects on river biota are likely to be observed. The concentration levels
of Pb, Ni, Cu and Cr in Tisa River sediments are safe when compared with Serbian MAQ (Maximum Allowed Quantity) standards
for soils, but they are unsafe in the case of Zn and Cd.
Recommendations and Outlook The quality of sediments in the Tisa River was on the border line between potentially polluted and polluted. This line could
very easily be exceeded since the quality of sediments in the Tisa River in Hungary was already worse than in Serbia. These
results indicated the need for further monitoring of heavy metals in that locality. 相似文献
818.
819.
Chemical composition of volatiles emitted from fresh mouse carcasses (laboratory mice, Mus musculus) was studied using solid sample injection technique (solid-phase micro-extraction), two-dimensional gas chromatography with
time of flight mass spectrometric detection and gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection. Electroantennography
(EAG) and laboratory olfactometric behavioural observations were used to study the antennal sensitivity to identified infochemicals
and their attractiveness for burying beetles Nicrophorus vespillo and Nicrophorus vespilloides (Silphidae: Nicrophorinae). Chemical analysis showed that immediately after death, emitted volatiles did not differ from
those emitted by a living organism. However, in the course of time, sulphur-containing chemicals, specifically methanethiol,
methyl thiolacetate, dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide and dimethyl trisulphide appear. EAG measurements revealed antennal
sensitivity to these compounds. Behavioural tests in laboratory olfactometer showed that dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide
and dimethyl trisulphide are highly attractive to both studied species. The data suggest that sulphur-containing chemicals
are involved in mediating the fresh carcass attractiveness for N. vespillo and N. vespilloides. 相似文献
820.