有机负荷和温度波动对厌氧菌群及酶活影响

基于太阳能辅热厌氧消化反应器进行餐厨垃圾半连续发酵试验,探究了温度波动和有机负荷调控（OLR=2.0、4.0、6.0、7.0 kg·m^-3·d^-1）对甲烷产量、酶活性变化和微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,反应器可以在OLR为2.0 kg·m^-3·d^-1下稳定运行并在6.0 kg·m^-3·d^-1时实现最佳甲烷生产效率,虽然太阳能组比电能组减少了4倍能耗,但热辐射不稳定导致太阳能组发酵温度波动,甲烷平均产量比电能组减少21%.此外,蛋白酶在温度波动环境下表现出较高活性,但脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性却受到抑制.高通测序结果表明,低OLR阶段乙酸型产甲烷菌Methanosaeta活性较强,随着OLR递增氢营养型产甲烷菌Methanoregula和Methanospirillum相对丰度逐渐提高,而试验全过程中水解细菌Firmicutes相对丰度维持在62%~95%,占据主导地位.     

浅析苏州市“十三五”环境保护和生态建设规划总体思路

文章分析苏州“十二五”期间存在的环境问题,明确“十三五”生态环境保护工作以改善水、大气、土壤等环境质量为核心,环境风险得到有效管控,建成较为完整的生态文明制度体系的目标,并提出了绿色发展全过程治污减排,打好治水、控霾、净土三大战役,强化生态空间保护,加强综合管控降低重点领域环境风险,推进生态环保制度改革,全面增强环境监管能力等方面的主要任务,促进经济社会与生态环境保护更好更快地协调发展.     

臭气强度在恶臭污染物环境空气影响中的应用研究

以兰州某石化公司化工污水处理厂恶臭治理项目为例,在确定恶臭气体的污染源源强的基础上,采用AERMOD模式预测污染物扩散情况。结果表明,添置除臭装置后,NH3的臭气浓度减少了90%,VOCs的臭气浓度减少了88%。同时,当恶臭污染物浓度达到环境质量浓度标准时,NH3的臭气强度为1．40级,VOCs的臭气强度为0．82级,人们仍能感觉到气味。因此石化企业在进行恶臭治理过程中需综合考虑污染物的环境空气质量浓度标准和臭气强度,以期改善环境空气质量。     

南京市环境保护能力建设探讨与研究

环保能力建设对于环保工作的顺利开展具有重要的支撑作用.目前南京市环保能力建设取得了一定的进步,然而,在经济新常态、绿色发展、政府简政放权、环保监察监测垂直化管理等新形势下,对照国家环境监管标准化,信息化和现代化的建设要求,南京市环保能力相对不足.文章基于南京环保统计数据,采用SWOT分析法对南京市环保能力建设情况进行研究,从源头减缓、人才队伍建设、资金投入、管理机制改革、技术支持、公众参与等方面,提出了若干政策建议.     

Two stages kinetics of municipal solid waste inoculation composting processes

IntroductionCompostingisanatureprocess,butmanyman inducedinnovativemeasureshavebeendevelopedtoacceleratecompostingefficiency .Variousspecializedseedinoculumshavebeenappliedforpracticalengineering(Biey ,2 0 0 0 ) .ThemicrobialfloraandthemassconcentrationofmicrobesinMSWcompostingprocessesunderlyinginoculationaredifferentinvariousstages(Lei,2 0 0 0 ;Akihito ,1998) .Atthesametime ,thelivingenvironmentofmicroorganismsisalsoincessantlychangingduetotheincreaseofmetabolizingproductionandconsumption…     

Factors affecting the distribution of microplastics in soils of China

● Microplastic (MP) abundance in soil of China was highly heterogeneous. ● MP abundance was higher near large rivers and central land affected by monsoons. ● MP abundance was correlated with longitude, mulching film, and average temperature. ● Factors suitable for predicting MP pollution using models were discussed. Microplastics (MPs) are found worldwide in high abundance, posing a potential threat to ecosystems. Despite the ubiquity of MPs in the environment, very little is known about the regional distribution of MPs and underlying factors affecting this distribution in the field, which likely include human activity, but also features of the environment itself. Here, out of a total of 1157 datapoints investigated in 53 Chinese studies, 9.68% datapoints were removed as outliers in the heterogeneity analysis. This review revealed that the abundance of MPs was highly heterogeneous. In addition, microplastic (MP) distribution maps based on China demonstrated that the highest abundance of MPs tended to occur near large rivers and central land affected by the intersection of two monsoons. The model-fitting and previous studies showed that MP abundance in China was correlated with longitude, agricultural mulching film usage per capita, temperature, and precipitation. However, due to the heterogeneity of MPs and the low matching degree between the current environmental data and the sampling points, this pattern was not as evident as reported in any single study. Factors affecting the distribution of MPs can not be captured by linear relationships alone, and systematic selection of suitable environmental factors and further model optimization are needed to explore the cause of MP pollution in soil. Overall, this review revealed an uneven distribution of MPs and serves as a reference for model prediction to assess and control plastic pollution in natural soil environments.     

Preliminary techno-economic analysis of three typical decentralized composting technologies treating rural kitchen waste: a case study in China

● Decentralized composting (DC) is a profitable KW treating technology. ● SAC and BEC were economically attractive in rural area, while HDC was unprofitable. ● KW handling subsidy plays a vital role in making DC profitable. ● SAC and BEC have great potential in promoting rural KW treatment. This study was designed to evaluate whether the decentralized rural kitchen waste (KW) composting technologies used in China can be widely applied. To this end, we completed a techno-economic analysis of three typical types of KW compositing, namely solar-assisted (SAC), bio-enhanced (BEC), and heat-dewatering composting (HDC). These evaluations revealed that all three technologies produce composting products that meet China’s organic fertilizer standard and that both SAC and BEC are economically self-sustaining and generate net profits (18824.94 and 17791.52 US$/a) and positive net present values (32133.11 and 25035.93 US$). Subsequent sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the KW-handling subsidy plays a critical role in making decentralized composting economically attractive. Based on these analyses, we believe that reducing the coverage area of SAC, reducing the operating cost of BEC and HDC, upgrading composting products, and strengthening secondary pollution control would aid in supporting the technological improvement of these processes. Moreover, providing appropriate subsidies and promulgating specific standards and policies for KW fertilizer are key strategies for decentralized rural KW composting management.