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排序方式: 共有340条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
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Typical burnt smell often results from fire accidents or in general from incomplete combustion. Recently, eleven compounds were identified, which are basically responsible for this odour. When analyzing residual materials from different fire accidents, the pattern that means the relative ratios of these compounds among each other varies strongly, although always causing a burnt smelling. Consequently, lab-scale combustion experiments were performed in order to investigate the influence of defined materials from domestic environment on the burnt-smell fingerprints. Furthermore, the occurrence of other polar and higher molecular combustion products was studied. It was found that under good combustion conditions, the burnt smell patterns resulting from the single materials were astonishingly consistent, mostly dominated by methylphenols or naphthalene. No correlation could be found between these ‘fingerprints’ and combustion product groups identified by GC/MS-screenings. LC/MS/MS-measurements especially pointed at the existence of higher molecular weight phenolic and acidic functionalized compounds in the combustion residues. 相似文献
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Rajiv Ganguly Brian M. Broderick Roland O’Donoghue 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(1):113-125
A comparative evaluation of two Gaussian-based line source models namely, California line source dispersion model version
4 and the general finite line source model, is presented. The concentrations predicted by these models are compared with background-corrected
ambient concentrations measured at three different distances from a motorway and performance of both models assessed in the
context of integrated transport–environment modelling for regulatory purposes. 相似文献
106.
Markus Stumm Michael Entezami Karsten Haug Cornelia Blank Max Wüstemann Bernt Schulze Gisela Raabe-Meyer Maja Hempel Markus Schelling Eva Ostermayer Sabine Langer-Freitag Tilo Burkhardt Roland Zimmermann Tina Schleicher Bernd Weil Ulrike Schöck Patricia Smerdka Sebastian Grömminger Yadhu Kumar Wera Hofmann 《黑龙江环境通报》2014,34(2):185-191
107.
Beatrice Oneda Rosa Baldinger Regina Reissmann Irina Reshetnikova Pavel Krejci Rahim Masood Nicole Ochsenbein-Kölble Deborah Bartholdi Katharina Steindl Denise Morotti Marzia Faranda Alessandra Baumer Reza Asadollahi Pascal Joset Dunja Niedrist Christian Breymann Gundula Hebisch Margaret Hüsler René Mueller Elke Prentl Josef Wisser Roland Zimmermann Anita Rauch 《黑龙江环境通报》2014,34(6):525-533
108.
Erik R. Hagen K. John. Holmes Julie E. Kiang Roland C. Steiner 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(6):1417-1430
The three largest water utilities in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area (WMA) rely on the Potomac River and its reservoirs for water supply. These utilities have committed to a periodic review of the system's adequacy to meet future demands. In 1990, 1995, 2000, and again in 2004 (for publication in 2005) the utilities requested that the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin (ICPRB) conduct a 20‐year water demand and resource adequacy study to fulfill this need. The selection of the five‐year interval provides multiple benefits. It allows regular updates and incorporation of recent demographic forecasts, and it increases visibility and understanding of the adequacy of the region's water resources. It also provides adequate time to conduct research on the physical system and to incorporate modifications based on this research into subsequent studies. The studies and lessons learned are presented in this case study of the WMA. The work has been a natural outgrowth of a long history of cooperative water supply planning and management among the main WMA water utilities and ICPRB. 相似文献
109.
Elisa Doné Leonardo Gucciardo Tim Van Mieghem Jacques Jani Mieke Cannie Dominique Van Schoubroeck Roland Devlieger Luc De Catte Philipp Klaritsch Steffi Mayer Veronika Beck Anne Debeer Eduardo Gratacos Kypros Nicolaides Jan Deprest 《黑龙江环境通报》2008,28(7):581-591
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can be associated with genetic or structural anomalies with poor prognosis. In isolated cases, survival is dependent on the degree of lung hypoplasia and liver position. Cases should be referred in utero to tertiary care centers familiar with this condition both for prediction of outcome as well as timed delivery. The best validated prognostic indicator is the lung area to head circumference ratio. Ultrasound is used to measure the lung area of the index case, which is then expressed as a proportion of what is expected normally (observed/expected LHR). When O/E LHR is < 25% survival chances are < 15%. Prenatal intervention, aiming to stimulate lung growth, can be achieved by temporary fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO). A balloon is percutaneously inserted into the trachea at 26–28 weeks, and reversal of occlusion is planned at 34 weeks. Growing experience has demonstrated the feasibility and safety of the technique with a survival rate of about 50%. The lung response to, and outcome after FETO, is dependent on pre-existing lung size as well gestational age at birth. Early data show that FETO does not increase morbidity in survivors, when compared to historical controls. Several trials are currently under design. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
110.
Roland R. Draxler 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):708-714
A one-year-long experiment in which two different tracers were simultaneously released from two different locations was used to test various hybrid receptor modeling techniques to estimate the tracer emissions using the measured air concentrations and a meteorological model. Air concentrations were measured over an 8-hour averaging time at three sites 14 to 40 km downwind. When the model was used to estimate emissions at only one tracer source, 6 percent of the short-term (8-h) emission estimates were within a factor of 2 of the actual emissions. Temporal averaging of the 8-h data enhanced the precision of the estimate such that after 10 days 42 percent of the estimates were within a factor of 2 and after six months all of them (each source-receptor pair) were within a factor of 2. To test the ability of the model to separate two sources, both tracer sources were combined, and a multiple linear regression technique was used to determine the emissions from each source from a time series of air concentration measurements representing the sum of both tracers. In general, 50 percent of the short-term estimates were within a factor of 10, 25 percent were biased low, and in another 25 percent the regression technique failed. The bias and failures are attributed to low or no correlation between measured air concentrations and model calculated dispersion factors. In the regression method increased temporal averaging did not consistently improve the emission estimate since the ability of the model to distinguish emissions between sources was diminished with increased averaging time. However, including progressively longer time periods (more data) into the regression or spatially averaging the data over all the receptors was found to be the most effective method to improve the estimated emissions. At best about 75 percent of the estimated monthly emission data were within a factor of 10 of the measured values. This suggests that the usefulness of meteorological models and statistical methods to address questions of source attribution requires many data points to reduce the uncertainty in the emission estimates. 相似文献