化工生产装置活性危害评估

活性危害的评估由理论筛选,热稳定性的实验筛选,动力学参数的检测装置,紧急排放系统的设计、筛选和放大,过程设计和优化等几个部分组成.     

Cry1Ab protein from Bt transgenic rice does not residue in rhizosphere soil

Expression of Cry1Ab protein in Bt transgenic rice (KMD) and its residue in the rhizosphere soil during the whole growth in field, as well as degradation of the protein from KMD straw in five soils under laboratory incubation were studied. The residue of Cry1Ab protein in KMD rhizosphere soil was undetectable (below the limit of 0.5 ng/g air-dried soil). The Cry1Ab protein contents in the shoot and root of KMD were 3.23-8.22 and 0.68-0.89 microg/g (fresh weight), respectively. The half-lives of the Cry1Ab protein in the soils amended with KMD straw (4%, w/w) ranged from 11.5 to 34.3d. The residence time of the protein varied significantly in a Fluvio-marine yellow loamy soil amended with KMD straw at the rate of 3, 4 and 7%, with half-lives of 9.9, 13.8 and 18d, respectively. In addition, an extraction method for Cry1Ab protein in soil was developed, with extraction efficiencies of 46.4-82.3%.     

Sources of fine particulate species in ambient air over lake Champlain Basin, VT

This study is a part of an ongoing investigation of the types and locations of emission sources that contribute fine particulate air contaminants to Underhill, VT. The air quality monitoring data used for this study are from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments network for the period of 2001-2003 for the Underhill site. The main source-receptor modeling techniques used are the positive matrix factorization (PMF) and potential source contribution function (PSCF). This new study is intended as a comparison to a previous study of the 1988-1995 Underhill data that successfully revealed a total of 11 types of emission sources with significant contributions to this rural site. This new study has identified a total of nine sources: nitrate-rich secondary aerosol, wood smoke, East Coast oil combustion, automobile emission, metal working, soil/dust, sulfur-rich aerosol type I, sulfur-rich aerosol type II, and sea salt/road salt. Furthermore, the mass contributions from the PMF identified sources that correspond with sampling days with either good or poor visibility were analyzed to seek possible correlations. It has been shown that sulfur-rich aerosol type I, nitrate aerosol, and automobile emission are the most important contributors to visibility degradation. Soil/dust and sea salt/road salt also have an added effect.     

基于SWAT模型的瀼渡河生态流量计算方法

保障和管理河湖生态流量是加强水资源开发利用管控的基本要求,是实施长江大保护和高质量发展的重要内容.以瀼渡河为例,提出了针对无实测流量的河流推算生态流量的方法.首先,利用SWAT水文模型模拟得到1990—2019年30年逐月流量过程,表明该河流流量由上游至下游逐渐增大,且具有明显的汛期和非汛期特征;其次,采用蒙大拿法、最...     

焦化厂清洁生产审核中／高费方案实施与效益分析

根据企业清洁生产审核实际情况，针对中／高费方案的产生与实施，从经济、环境方面分析企业实施清洁生产审核所取得的成效，指出实施清洁生产审核不仅可以促进企业的发展，而且可以使企业获得经济效益和环境效益的“双赢”。     

试论万恭的治河思想

明代“筑堤束水，以水攻沙”的治河思想，一般多认为是潘季驯提出的，实际上在潘季驯提出这种观点之前，另一位杰出的治河人物--万恭早已注意到了这一点。本文拟从以河治河、治黄治运合一和防、治相结合三个方面对万恭的治河思想进行归纳，以求对他的治河思想有一个初步探讨。     

岷江上游干旱河谷气候特征及成因

干旱河谷是我国民族多样性、文化多样性、环境异质性及生物多样性最为丰富的地区,以其较好的光热等条件成为整个川西地区人口和城镇分布集中的核心地带,但是由于日益增加的人口压力和随之而来的人地矛盾,加之干旱河谷脆弱的生态系统,引发了严重的水土流失、泥石流、山体滑坡等自然灾害.以岷江上游干旱河谷为例,探讨了干旱河谷气候成因的自然因素和人为因素,指出人类活动是叠加于自然因素作用之上的,不是起主导作用,大气环流、局地环流、地理位置和地形地势造就了当今干旱河谷气候形成,是干旱河谷气候形成的主要因素;其气候特征具有:(1)气温年较差小,日较差大,春季气温回升快,秋季下降迅速,≥10℃的积温大,持续时间较长,地温稳定,在冬、夏季均能对地温起调节作用,但在部分地段有极值出现,对作物和林木生长造成不利影响;(2)降水较充沛,干湿季明显,但由于蒸发量大,表现为全年水分亏损,从作物和林木生长而言,雨季的水分亏损更为严重;(3)日照充足,太阳辐射强烈等典型特征.     

中国进出口贸易中的隐含碳估算

采用投入产出法。估算了1997-2006年中国进出口贸易中的隐含碳。对进出口商品都采用中国的碳耗水平所作的保守估计发现：1997-2006年，通过产品的形式，我国为国外排放了大量的碳，1997-2004年。隐含碳净出口占当年碳排放总量的比倒在0．5％-2．7％之间,2004年之后迅速增加。2006年该数字达10％左右。按照日本的碳耗效率对进口产品进行调整后的乐观估计发现。中国为j国该外转移排放的碳数量更为惊人。1997-2002年隐含碳净出口量占当年碳排放总量的12％～14％。2002年之后迅速增加，到2006年，该数字已达29.28％。作为生产者和消费者，中国和其出口国都是这些碳排放的受益者，都应该对气候变化负责。一味对中国增长的碳排放进行指责是不全面的。     

空心壳聚糖微球对二甲酚橙的吸附性能研究

以生物可降解的壳聚糖为原料,采用反相悬浮交联法制备了具有空壳结构的壳聚糖微球,通过控制反应条件得到单分散性的微米级微球.通过分光光度法探讨了溶液初始pH、吸附时间、二甲酚橙初始浓度、壳聚糖微球用量及其直径对壳聚糖微球吸附二甲酚橙的影响.结果表明,常温下壳聚糖微球对二甲酚橙的最佳吸附条件为:溶液初始pH为5,吸附时间为2.0 h,二甲酚橙初始质量浓度为32 mg/L,壳聚糖微球用量为0.3 g/L(以每升二甲酚橙溶液计),壳聚糖微球直径为74 靘;在此最佳吸附条件下,采用分光光度法对二甲酚橙模拟废水进行测定,相应的回收率误差均在-1%～1%.