广州某观测点春季大气样品中二NFDA1英日均浓度变化分析

在广州某商住区楼顶开展为期1个月的大气样品连续采样,利用高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱仪测定了样品中17种毒性二 NFDA1 英(PCDD/Fs)的含量。结果表明,该采样点位样品二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度范围为0.094~1.34 pg I-TEQ/m³,样品日平均浓度相对偏差范围为3.2%~118.8%,6日平均浓度相对偏差范围为1.2%~60.1%,6日平均值更能较好地反映样品长期平均浓度。气象变化对样品中二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度有明显影响,降雨后样品中的二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度明显低于降雨前,降雨前或降雨中样品的二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度与降雨后样品比值最高达到9.0,样品二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度与PM_2.5的线性相关性高于其与TSP、温度相关性,上述三者的r值和P值分别为0.637、-0.296、0.271和0.611、0.326、0.329。     

Groundwater geochemistry diagnostics during in situ ERH remediation

In situ remediation represents a series of challenges in interpreting the monitoring data on remedial progress. Among these challenges are problems in determining the progress of the remediation and the mechanisms responsible, so that the process can be optimized. The release of organic pollutants to groundwater systems and in situ remediation technologies alter the groundwater chemistry, but outside of natural attenuation studies using inorganic chemical analyses as indicators of intrinsic biodegradation, typically little attention has been paid to the changes in inorganic groundwater chemistry. Smith (2008) noted that during an electrical resistance heating remediation that took place at a confidential site in Chicago, a two‐orders‐of‐magnitude increase in chloride concentrations occurred during the remediation. This increase in chloride resulted in a corresponding increase in calcium as a result of what is known as the common ion effect. Carbon dioxide is the gas found in highest concentrations in natural groundwater (Stumm & Morgan, 1981), and its fugacity (partial pressure) corresponds directly with calcium concentrations. Carbon dioxide at supersaturation in groundwater is capable of dissolving organic compounds, such as trichloroethene, facilitating removal of nonaqueous‐phase liquids at temperatures below the boiling point of water. One means of diagnosing these reactions is through the use of compound‐specific isotopic analysis, which is capable of distinguishing between evaporation, biodegradation, and differences in sources. The appropriate diagnosis has the potential to optimize the benefits from these reactions, lower energy costs for removal of nonaqueous‐phase liquids, and direct treatment where it is needed most. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Characterization of the extracellular biodemulsifiers secreted by Bacillus cereus LH-6 and the enhancement of demulsifying efficiency by optimizing the cultivation conditions

A highly efficient demulsifying strain, LH-6, was isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil and identified as Bacillus cereus by 16S rDNA gene analysis. It achieved 95.61 and 95.40 % demulsifying ratios within 12 h for water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) model emulsions, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) detections indicated that the LH-6’s extracellular biodemulsifiers were different types of lipopeptides for the W/O and O/W emulsions. Optimization of the culture medium composition was conducted to improve the biosynthesis and demulsifying efficiency of the biodemulsifier. The optimal carbon source was liquid paraffin, while waste frying oil could also be an alternative carbon source. The optimal nitrogen sources were ammonium sulfate and yeast extract. To further enhance the biodemulsifier efficiency, the optimal cultivation conditions were determined using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotation design (CCRD). Using the optimized cultivation conditions, the demulsifying ratios increased to 98.23 and 97.65 % for the W/O and O/W model emulsions, respectively.     

恩施地区生态足迹和生态承载力评价

以恩施地区2010年统计数据为依据，对其2010年的生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余进行计算和分析，并将生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余和万元GDP生态足迹分别与恩施地区贫困村分布密度进行空间耦合。研究表明：（1）恩施地区人均生态盈余为0467 hm2，人均生态承载力为0947 1 hm2，人均生态足迹为048 hm2；（2）贫困村分布密度最高的来凤县、建始县人均生态盈余很少，而贫困村分布密度最低的利川市、咸丰县、宣恩县、鹤峰县，人均生态足迹最高和最低的县分别是咸丰县、宣恩县，鹤峰县的生态承载力最高，人均生态盈余最高的是宣恩县、鹤峰县，万元GDP生态足迹最高和最低的分别是利川市，巴东县；（3）通过生态足迹的研究，提出了恩施贫困地区需放大生态比较优势，〖JP2〗因地制宜，努力将生态盈余转化为直接的经济增长，使之能够有效的帮助贫困地区脱贫致富     

臭氧联用技术深度处理腈纶废水的效果对比

将臭氧分别与超声波、H2O2、紫外光等联用，深度处理干法腈纶生产厂生化池出水，对各种联用技术的处理效果进行了研究。实验结果表明：在进水流量2 L/min、反应时间30 min、臭氧加入量3.5 g/（L?h）的条件下，当超声功率为300 W时，臭氧-超声联用技术的COD去除率为30.0%；当H2O2加入量为0.4 mL/L时，臭氧-H2O2联用技术的COD去除率为50.7%；当紫外灯功率为40 W时，臭氧-紫外光联用技术的COD去除率为49.9%；在各种联用技术中，臭氧-H2O2联用技术的运行成本最低（为7.5 元/t），且处理后出水COD为143 mg/L，达到《<污水综合排放标准>（GB8978—1996）中石化工业COD标准值修改单》中的一级排放标准。综合考虑，臭氧-H2O2联用技术是深度处理干法腈纶废水的最优工艺。     

Concentrations and distributions of 18 organochlorine pesticides listed in the Stockholm Convention in surface sediments from the Liaohe River basin,China

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in 26 surface sediment samples from the Liaohe River basin, and the distributions of and potential environmental risks posed by OCPs in the basin were evaluated. Eighteen OCPs listed in the Stockholm Convention were determined using isotope-dilution gas chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. This is the first study of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the Liaohe River basin sediments. The total OCP concentrations were 0.39–68.06 ng g^?1 dry weight. The total α-, β-, γ-, and δ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), the total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT – p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), o,p^'-DDT, and p,p′-DDT), and the HCB concentrations in the sediment samples were 0.1–28.48 ng g^?1 (mean 4.01 ng g^?1), 0.08–6.52 ng g^?1 (mean 3.07 ng g^?1), and 0.18–24.8 ng g^?1 (mean 4.38 ng g^?1), respectively. The HCB concentrations were higher than the concentrations of the other OCPs, and the HCHs and HCB together were the dominant OCPs. β-HCH was the most abundant HCH isomer. The concentrations of DDTs and other OCPs were relatively low, and the (DDE+DDD)/DDT ratios (>0.5) and DDD/DDE ratios (<1) indicated that no recent DDT inputs had occurred in the Liaohe River system. The main sources of HCHs were probably the historical production and agricultural use of HCH in the study area. The DDT and HCH concentrations were generally below or similar to the concentrations that have been found in other parts of the world. An ecotoxicological evaluation indicated that HCHs in surface sediments pose slight risks to human and ecological health in the Liaohe River basin.     

MicroRNA: a novel implication for damage and protection against ionizing radiation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Ionizing radiation (IR) is a form of high energy. It poses a serious threat to organisms, but radiotherapy is a key therapeutic strategy for various...     

Utilization of coal fly ash in China: a mini-review on challenges and future directions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The rapid economic development in China places a large demand for energy, and as a result, thermal power plants in China are producing an enormous...     

Migration and transformation of heavy metals in hyperaccumulators during the thermal treatment: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The pollution of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil has become one of the important factors affecting the national environment and human health....     

黄浦江流域典型污水中不同粒径胶体的三维荧光光谱特征

基于切向流超滤系统及三维荧光光谱技术,对黄浦江流域典型污水(即生活污水及农业污水)中的胶体进行粒径分级及三维荧光光谱特性分析.结果表明,所选水样的胶体质量浓度及胶体态有机碳质量浓度分别为9.60~32.50 mg·L~(-1)和0.03~6.25 mg·L~(-1),二者均随粒径的增加而呈递增趋势.不同粒径分级胶体的三维荧光图谱表现为类蛋白荧光峰(峰D和峰T)及类腐殖质荧光峰(峰C和峰A)这4个荧光峰,其中类蛋白荧光峰主要存在于M_r1×10~3~5×10~3分级胶体中,类腐殖质荧光峰主要存在于M_r10×10~3~300×10~3分级胶体中.同时,通过表征胶体荧光光谱特性的荧光指数,包括FI值、腐殖化指数HIX及生源指数BIX,分析了所选胶体的来源及光谱特性.结果表明,小粒径胶体主要为陆源来源,芳香性及腐殖化程度较高;而大粒径胶体自生源比重大,类蛋白物质是其主要成分.