Annual nonmethane hydrocarbon trends in Beijing from 2000 to 2019

High loads of ground-level ozone have occurred with the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. However, the long temporal variation in precursor nonmethane hydrocarbons(NMHCs) has rarely been studied. In this study, we examined the evolution of NMHCs in Beijing based on ambient measurements from 2000 to 2019. The results indicated that the annual variation of ambient NMHCs during 2000 and 2019 could be divided into two stages. The mixing ratios of NMHCs rapidly r...     

Utilization of coal fly ash in China: a mini-review on challenges and future directions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The rapid economic development in China places a large demand for energy, and as a result, thermal power plants in China are producing an enormous...     

Distribution and dissipation pathways of nonylphenol polyethoxylates in the Yellow River: Site investigation and lab-scale studies

Spatial distribution of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) and nonylphenol (NP) was investigated in a field study in Lanzhou Reach of the Yellow River. NPEOs and their metabolites were found in the river, with the maximum dissolved concentrations of 6.38 nmol/L for NPEOs, 0.19 nmol/L for nonylphenol ethoxy acetic acids (NPECs) and 0.79 nmol/L for NP, respectively. The maximum concentrations in the sediment and suspended particle samples were 1.50 and 5.09 nmol/g for NPEOs and NP, respectively. The effects of particles, light and microorganism on the dissipation of NPEOs in the river water were investigated based on lab-scale experiments. When natural particles were removed, 72% and 22% degradation of NPEOs were achieved at 120 h in non-sterile and sterile conditions with light, respectively. Different concentrations of NPECs were also observed in these experiments. When suspended particle matters (SPMs) were present, about 38-50% of NPEOs were sorbed to the particulate phase in only 1 h. As a result, the degradation of NPEOs and production of NPECs were inhibited. However, the combined sorption and degradation in the presence of SPMs resulted in lower dissolved NPEO concentrations than those in the absence of SPMs. Biodegradation was the most important pathway for NPEOs degradation in the river water, while NPECs seemed to be produced through both biological and abiological pathways.     

燃煤手烧炉有害气体生成特征研究

本文对燃煤手烧炉烟气生成特征进行了分析和研究 ,对燃烧过程二氧化硫、一氧化碳及一氧化氮等有害气体的生成规律和浓度值进行了测定和分析     

The influence of organic ligands on the retention of lead in soil

Organic acids are commonly produced and exuded by plant roots and soil microorganisms. Some of these organic compounds are effective chelating agents and have the potential to enhance metal mobility. The effect of citrate and salicylate on the leaching of lead in soil was investigated in a laboratory experiment. In short-term batch experiments, adsorption of lead to soil was slightly enhanced with increasing salicylate concentration (500-5000 microM) but decreased significantly in the presence of citrate. These observations suggested that citrate may enhance Pb leaching, but this was not observed in the column study. Soluble Pb in the presence and absence citrate or salicylate (up to 5000 microM) was added to soil columns at a moderate flow rate, but no Pb was observed to emerge from the soil in any of the soil columns. Rapid biodegradation of citrate in soil eliminated potential complexing ability. Breakthrough of Pb from soil was noted only when using small columns at high flow rates (>20 pore volumes per day). Under these conditions of physical and chemical non-equilibrium, citrate was not degraded and significantly enhanced Pb mobility. As in the batch adsorption experiments, the presence of salicylate reduced Pb leaching. Considering the extreme conditions required to induce Pb leaching, it is likely that Pb will remain relatively immobile in soil even in the presence of a strong complexing agent such as citrate.     

Transfer assessment of carbendazim residues from rapeseed to oil production determined by HPLC–MS/MS

Abstract

It is crucial to develop practical procedures for the control and reduction of pesticide residues in oil productions from farm to dining table. In this study, the dissipation behaviors of typical fungicide from rapeseed to oil production were studied to reveal relationship among spraying stage, application dosage, household oil processing stage, and pesticide residues. In the field trials, rape plants were sprayed with carbendazim at three different dosages during flowering period. Transfer assessment of carbendazim residues from rapeseed to oil production during household oil processing via different press techniques was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). The recoveries of carbendazim in rapeseed samples, meals after squeezing samples, and rapeseed oil samples ranged from 82.5% to 93.6% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ＜5.2%. The validation results illustrated that the methods were reliable and sensitive. The average processing factor (PF) during household oil processing via hot press technique and cold press technique was 0.15 and 0.51, respectively. This study demonstrated that household oil processing could significantly reduce the pesticide residues, especially by hot press technique.     

日常衣物中的邻苯二甲酸酯污染及其人体暴露风险

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)作为一类内分泌干扰物,被广泛应用于工业生产。为了查明日常衣物中PAEs的污染状况,并评估其通过衣物的皮肤接触可能造成的人体暴露风险,本研究检测了日常生活中的新、旧衣服中7种典型PAEs的浓度,并通过实验模拟研究了衣料中PAEs向汗液的析出行为。结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)分别是旧衣服和新衣服中的代表性PAE。旧衣服中DEHP的浓度显著高于新衣服;婴儿衣服中DEHP的浓度高于成人衣服。穿着和清洗过程中的二次污染可能对衣服中的PAEs有显著影响,衣服材质可能是影响旧衣服中PAEs浓度的重要因素。汗液会导致衣物中的PAEs析出,从而明显增加PAEs的人体暴露风险。     

土壤有机污染物生物修复技术研究进展

现代农业的发展改变了自然界的原有状况,为追求高产而大量使用的化肥、农药导致土壤有机物污染日趋严重。此外,工业生产、石油开采、交通运输、畜禽养殖及居民生活等也产生了大量有机污染物,使土壤有机物污染进一步加剧,土壤有机物污染的修复日益迫切。土壤污染修复是指通过物理的、化学的和生物的方法,吸收、降解、转移和转化土壤中的污染物,使污染物浓度降低到可以接受的水平,或将有毒有害的污染物转化为无害物质的过程。包括污染土壤的物理修复技术、化学修复技术以及生物修复技术3种方式。在污染土壤修复技术中,生物修复技术因其安全、无二次污染及修复成本低等优点而受到越来越多的关注。因污染物修复主体的不同,有机污染物污染土壤生物修复技术可分为植物修复技术、动物修复技术、微生物修复技术及其联合修复技术。污染土壤微生物修复技术是土壤污染生物修复的重要技术之一,是最具应用和发展前景的生物修复环保技术。文章重点阐述了国内外有机污染物污染土壤的生物修复技术及其原理、取得的研究进展及存在的优缺点,并对污染土壤的动物修复技术研究进行了初步展望,可为土壤有机污染物的生物修复研究提供参考。     

沉积物中重金属铅的释放动力学模拟

采用扩散通量模型(DIFS)模拟了沉积物中Pb从固相向液相释放的动力学过程.模拟结果表明,对于扩散梯度膜(DGT)测定的Pb浓度CDGT与孔隙水Pb浓度比值(R)接近1的S1样品,靠近DGT的液相Pb被消耗后,固相吸附态Pb迅速补给消耗;其解吸速率常数k-1较大,而且非稳态Pb含量较大,在放置时间(t)内,DGT表面孔隙水Pb浓度一直维持在初始浓度.而对于R接近0的S2样品(无补给情况),靠近DGT孔隙水Pb被消耗后,固相的补给很少,反映在相关参数上便是非稳态Pb含量较低,而且解吸速率常数k-1很小,DGT表面处孔隙水Pb浓度随放置时间的增加而降低.对于R值等于0.39的S3样品(部分补给情况),非稳态Pb含量和解吸速率常数k-1介于S1和S2样品之间,固相的补给能力介于S1和S2之间.由以上模拟结果可知,沉积物中重金属释放动力学过程受到非稳态Pb含量和释放动力学参数共同影响.     

石油污染与食细菌线虫对土壤微生物活性及石油降解的影响

随着经济快速发展,石油及其产品用量增多,石油污染问题日益严重,土壤石油污染治理刻不容缓.研究表明石油污染土壤中存在大量的食细菌线虫,但食细菌线虫在石油污染土壤中的作用还不清楚.本试验采用人工模拟石油污染土壤,通过接种不同密度模式线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans),研究食细菌线虫在石油污染土壤中的功能及其对污染土壤中石油降解及土壤微生物活性的影响.本实验共设6个处理:高温灭菌石油污染土壤(FSP),作为对照处理1;杀灭线虫土壤(S),作为对照处理2;石油污染土壤(SP);石油污染土壤+5条线虫/g干土(SPN5);石油污染土壤+10条线虫/g干土(SPN10);石油污染土壤+20条线虫/g干土(SPN20).研究结果表明:整个试验培养结束时,处理SP、SPN5、SPN10和SPN20的石油残留量比第0天采样时分别降低约60.78%、80.01%、67.63%和66.31%,处理SP、SPN5、SPN10和SPN20的石油残留量比处理FSP分别降低约43.60%、70.68%、52.34%和50.45%,得出接种线虫可以促进污染土壤的石油降解,其中接种5条线虫/g干土的处理促进石油降解效果最好.第7 d采样时,处理SP、SPN5、SPN10、SPN20中脱氢酶酶活性比处理S分别增加约132.76%、115.09%、118.67%和55.81%,表明石油污染可以激活脱氢酶;第14 d时,接种线虫处理SPN5、SPN10和SPN20的脱氢酶活性比未接种线虫处理SP的脱氢酶活性分别增加约5.16%、18.13%和29.56%,表明添加食细菌线虫也促进了土壤相关酶活性.该研究证明食细菌线虫可以在石油污染土壤中刺激微生物的繁殖,增强土壤酶活性,进而促进污染土壤石油的降解.