Interface-mediated synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles with sulfate-reducing bacterium culture

We have created a new method of ZnS nanospheres synthesis. By interface-mediated precipitation method (IMPM), monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was synthesized on the particle surface of sulfate-reducing bacterium nutritious agar culture. Sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) was used as a sulfide producer because of its dissimilatory sulfate reduction capability, meanwhile produced a variety of amino acids acting as templates for nanomaterials synthesis. Then zinc acetate was dispersed into nutritious agar plate. Subsequently agar plate was broken into particles bearing much external surface, which successfully mediated the synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles. The morphology of monodisperse ZnS nanospheres and SRB were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the microstructure was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermostability of ZnS nanoparticles was determined by thermo gravimetric-differential thermo gravimetric (TG-DTG). The maximum absorption wavelengh was analysed with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer within a range of 199–700 nm. As a result, monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, with an average diameter of 80 nm. Maximum absorption wavelengh was 228 nm, and heat decomposed temperature of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was 596°C.     

Interface-mediated synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles with sulfate-reducing bacterium culture

We have created a new method of ZnS nanospheres synthesis. By interface-mediated precipitation method (IMPM), monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was synthesized on the particle surface of sulfate-reducing bacterium nutritious agar culture. Sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) was used as a sulfide producer because of its dissimilatory sulfate reduction capability, meanwhile produced a variety of amino acids acting as templates for nanomaterials synthesis. Then zinc acetate was dispersed into nutritious agar plate. Subsequently agar plate was broken into particles bearing much external surface, which successfully mediated the synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles. The morphology of monodisperse ZnS nanospheres and SRB were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the microstructure was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermostability of ZnS nanoparticles was determined by thermo gravimetric-differential thermo gravimetric (TG-DTG). The maximum absorption wavelengh was analysed with an ultravioletvisible spectrophotometer within a range of 199-700 nm. As a result, monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, with an average diameter of 80 nm. Maximum absorption wavelengh was 228 nm, and heat decomposed temperature of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was 596℃.     

Identification of key factors governing chemistry in groundwater near the water course recharged by reclaimed water at Miyun County, Northern China

Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ) and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ) and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells (Ca-Mg-HCO3 ). Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods (dry and wet seasons), and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between (sodium, potassium) and (calcium, magnesium). Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater.     

昆明市主城区三种温室气体的月份和干、湿季的小时变化规律及原因分析

研究了昆明市主城区3种温室气体浓度的最新变化情况,采用2009年、2010年和2011年的月份和小时平均浓度数据,结合昆明市气候特点,对3种温室气体浓度的月份和干、湿季的小时变化规律及原因进行了分析。     

北京道路尘土与土壤植物中重金属形态分析与评价

以北京市航天桥道路尘土、附近道路土壤及绿化植物(大叶黄杨)叶片,玉渊潭公园土壤及绿化植物(大叶黄杨)叶片为研究对象,采用改进的BCR连续提取法、HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4湿法消解和ICP-MS对Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb 7种重金属进行形态分析和含量测定。结果表明,样品中重金属Zn的总量最高,Cd的总量最低,细颗粒样品中的重金属含量除Cr和Cu均高于粗颗粒样品。7种重金属中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As和Cd均以残渣态为主,Pb以可还原态和残渣态为主。样品的重金属总量相关性分析表明不同样品的重金属可能均来自交通污染源,总量与形态相关性分析表明总量与残渣态呈显著正相关性。内梅罗污染指数及风险评价法(RAC)结果均表明,道路尘土的重金属污染最为严重。植物对重金属Cd的富集效应最大(富集系数达0.962),路边植物对重金属的富集效应基本均大于公园植物。     

杭州市垃圾填埋甲烷排放估算及控制途径研究

研究和估算固体废弃物填埋处理甲烷的排放,对准确评估未来气候变化以及应对气候变化所带来的影响具有重要的意义。文章在分析了填埋场甲烷产生影响因素的基础上,对2005-2010年杭州市填埋场甲烷排放情况进行了估算,针对性地提出了杭州市填埋场甲烷排放控制的对策建议,为杭州市碳减排工作提供参考意见。     

“十一五”期间通辽市环境质量存在的主要问题及成因

本文通过对＂十一五＂期间通辽市环境质量监测数据的统计分析,从污染源和环境质量的关系得出存在的问题,从自然环境要素与生态环境两个角度总结＂十一五＂期间存在的问题。通过对环境质量的问题分析,寻找产生这些问题的原因,从而为改善环境质量提供解决的途径。     

2009—2011年包头市大气中颗粒物浓度分析

本文通过对内蒙古包头市2009—2011年PM10浓度和TSP浓度的测定,分析了大气中颗粒物浓度的含量状况。结果表明：2009年3月到9月份之间,出现6次沙尘天气,并且颗粒物浓度超过大气空气质量三级标准,其中最严重的一次PM10浓度达到1．147mg／m^3。PM10浓度一天的变化中,在下午5时和晚间10时达到两个峰值,分别是1．608mg／m^3和1．882mg／m^3。2010年中十一月份的TSP日平均浓度较高,比八月份TSP浓度高7倍。2011年春季空气中颗粒物污染较重,在沙尘天气发生期间,颗粒物浓度含量较高     

基于经验权重方法的舟曲县泥石流易发性评估

舟曲县泥石流灾害频发,2010年8月发生的特大山洪泥石流,造成大量生命财产损失。文章采用遥感影像结合地面调查获取舟曲县植被覆盖、岩性、构造等信息;基于数字高程模型与水文分析获取水系、沟谷纵比降、沟谷弯曲度、流域、坡度信息;基于国土资源部在全国开展县市灾害调查中提供的泥石流易发性量化经验权重,对全县178条较大沟谷进行泥石流易发性评价。得到的结果与野外考察和前人认识具有较高的一致性。该方法不需要大量的野外工作,具有评估迅速简单的特点,对县级以上区域尺度的泥石流易发性快速评估具有较高推广价值。     

Development of a biaxial loading frame for sheet metal

Characterization of the evolving yield loci and forming limit diagrams for sheet materials under biaxial loading is necessary for the development of accurate sheet metal forming process simulations. Biaxial tension testing has been shown to have significant advantages over the current computational and experimental methods for such material characterization; however, the few commercially available loading frames are far too large and expensive to be practical for most metal forming research laboratories. In this paper, the design of a practical servohydraulic biaxial loading frame is presented. The design, control, and operation of the loading frame are discussed in detail, and experimental data is provided to validate the effectiveness of the control system with respect to specimen center shifting.