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511.
Essential and non-essential trace metals in scalp hair of men chronically exposed to volcanogenic metals in the Azores, Portugal 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Volcanoes produce and release large amounts of toxicants, and the concentration of metals in hair can be used as a biomarker of exposure to trace metals. In order to investigate whether humans exposed to volcanic emissions demonstrate higher concentrations of essential and non-essential trace metals, scalp hair of men (3-89 years) living in two areas of the Azores, one exposed to volcanic emissions and the other not, was sampled, and their content in Cd, Cu, Pb, Rb, Se, and Zn was quantified by using High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. In average, men exposed to volcanic emissions presented higher concentrations of Cd (96.9 ppb), Cu (16.2 ppm), Pb (3417.6 ppb), Rb (216.3 ppb), and Zn (242.8 ppm), but not Se (469.6 ppb). Also, strong and significant correlations were found between Cd-Rb and Pb-Rb in the exposed men. In conclusion, humans living chronically exposed to volcanic emissions show high concentrations of essential and non-essential trace metals in scalp hair, and is suggested that this type of exposure may be as harmful as living close to industrial facilities. 相似文献
512.
Delgado-Vargas Carlos Andrés Espinosa-Barrera Paula Andrea Villegas-Guzman Paola Martínez-Pachón Diana Moncayo-Lasso Alejandro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(28):42275-42289
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, the use of natural organic wastes (orange and lemon peels) as sources of citric acid was evaluated along with the application of the... 相似文献
513.
In this paper we quantify the rate of spread of the newly emerged pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum of the House Finch, Carpodacus mexicanus, in its introduced range. We compare and contrast the rapid, yet decelerating, rate of spread of the pathogen with the slower, yet accelerating rate of spread of the introduced host. Comparing the rate of spread of this pathogen to pathogens in terrestrial mammalian hosts, we see that elevation and factors relating to host abundance restrict disease spread, rather than finding any major effects of discrete barriers or anthropogenic movement. We examine the role of seasonality in the rate of spread, finding that the rate and direction of disease spread relates more to seasonality in host movement than to seasonality in disease prevalence. We conclude that asymptomatic carriers are major transmitters of Mycoplasma gallisepticum into novel locations, a finding which may also be true for many other diseases, such as West Nile Virus and avian influenza. 相似文献
514.
Alastuey A Querol X Plana F Viana M Ruiz CR Sánchez de la Campa A de la Rosa J Mantilla E García dos Santos S 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2006,56(7):993-1006
A detailed physical and chemical characterization of coarse particulate matter (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the city of Huelva (in Southwestern Spain) was carried out during 2001 and 2002. To identify the major emission sources with a significant influence on PM10 and PM2.5, a methodology was developed based on the combination of: (1) real-time measurements of levels of PM10, PM2.5, and very fine particulate matter (PM1); (2) chemical characterization and source apportionment analysis of PM10 and PM2.5; and (3) intensive measurements in field campaigns to characterize the emission plumes of several point sources. Annual means of 37, 19, and 16 microg/m3 were obtained for the study period for PM10, PM2.5, and PM1, respectively. High PM episodes, characterized by a very fine grain size distribution, are frequently detected in Huelva mainly in the winter as the result of the impact of the industrial emission plumes on the city. Chemical analysis showed that PM at Huelva is characterized by high PO4(3-) and As levels, as expected from the industrial activities. Source apportionment analyses identified a crustal source (36% of PM10 and 31% of PM2.5); a traffic-related source (33% of PM10 and 29% of PM2.5), and a marine aerosol contribution (only in PM10, 4%). In addition, two industrial emission sources were identified in PM10 and PM2.5: (1) a petrochemical source, 13% in PM10 and 8% in PM2.5; and (2) a mixed metallurgical-phosphate source, which accounts for 11-12% of PM10 and PM2.5. In PM2.5 a secondary source has been also identified, which contributed to 17% of the mass. A complete characterization of industrial emission plumes during their impact on the ground allowed for the identification of tracer species for specific point sources, such as petrochemical, metallurgic, and fertilizer and phosphate production industries. 相似文献
515.
Nonstructural Urban Stormwater Quality Measures: Building a Knowledge Base to Improve Their Use 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article summarizes a research project that investigated the use, performance, cost, and evaluation of nonstructural measures
to improve urban stormwater quality. A survey of urban stormwater managers from Australia, New Zealand, and the United States
revealed a widespread trend of increasing use of nonstructural measures among leading stormwater management agencies, with
at least 76% of 41 types of nonstructural measures being found to be increasing in use. Data gathered from the survey, an
international literature review, and a multicriteria analysis highlighted four nonstructural measures of greatest potential
value: mandatory town planning controls that promote the adoption of low-impact development principles and techniques; development
of strategic urban stormwater management plans for a city, shire, or catchment; stormwater management measures and programs
for construction/building sites; and stormwater management activities related to municipal maintenance operations such as
maintenance of the stormwater drainage network and manual litter collections. Knowledge gained on the use and performance
of nonstructural measures from the survey, literature review, and three trial evaluation projects was used to develop tailored
monitoring and evaluation guidelines for these types of measure. These guidelines incorporate a new evaluation framework based
on seven alternative styles of evaluation that range from simply monitoring whether a nonstructural measure has been fully
implemented to monitoring its impact on waterway health. This research helps to build the stormwater management industry’s
knowledge base concerning nonstructural measures and provides a practical tool to address common impediments associated with
monitoring and evaluating the performance and cost of these measures. 相似文献
516.
517.
Jared A. Grummer Tom R. Booker Remi Matthey-Doret Pirmin Nietlisbach Andréa T. Thomaz Michael C. Whitlock 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13911
With the genetic health of many plant and animal populations deteriorating due to climate change outpacing adaptation, interventions, such as assisted gene flow (AGF), may provide genetic variation necessary for populations to adapt to climate change. We ran genetic simulations to mimic different AGF scenarios in large populations and measured their outcomes on population-level fitness to determine circumstances in which it is worthwhile to perform AGF. In the absence of inbreeding depression, AGF was beneficial within a few generations only when introduced genotypes had much higher fitness than local individuals and traits affecting fitness were controlled by a few genes of large effect. AGF was harmful over short periods (e.g., first ∼10–20 generations) if there was strong outbreeding depression or introduced deleterious genetic variation. When the adaptive trait was controlled by many loci of small effect, the benefits of AGF took over 10 generations to realize—potentially too long for most climate-related management scenarios. The genomic integrity of the recipient population typically remained intact following AGF; the amount of genetic material from the donor population usually constituted no more of the recipient population's genome than the fraction of the population introduced. Significant genomic turnover (e.g., >50% replacement) only occurred when the selective advantage of the adaptive trait and translocation fraction were extremely high. Our results will be useful when adaptive management is used to maintain the genetic health and productivity of large populations under climate change. 相似文献
518.
Schirmer Waldir Nagel dos Santos Liliana Andréa Martins Kelly Geronazzo Gueri Matheus Vitor Diniz Jucá José Fernando Thomé 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(5):2887-2899
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes is a well-established process for biogas production and various forms of... 相似文献
519.
de Souza Camila da Costa Barros García Andrés Calderín Lima Erica Souto Abreu do Amaral Sobrinho Nelson Moura Brasil 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(4):2232-2244
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study aimed to elucidate the formation process of humic substances (HS) during poultry litter (PL) composting and its influence on the... 相似文献