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21.
Zhuofei Du Min Hu Jianfei Peng Song Guo Rong Zheng Jing Zheng Dongjie Shang Yanhong Qin He Niu Mengren Li Yudong Yang Sihua Lu Yusheng Wu Min Shao Shijin Shuai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(4):348-357
Light-duty gasoline vehicles have drawn public attention in China due to their significant primary emissions of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds(VOCs). However,little information on secondary aerosol formation from exhaust for Chinese vehicles and fuel conditions is available. In this study, chamber experiments were conducted to quantify the potential of secondary aerosol formation from the exhaust of a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The engine and fuel used are common in the Chinese market, and the fuel satisfies the China V gasoline fuel standard. Substantial secondary aerosol formation was observed during a 4–5 hr simulation, which was estimated to represent more than 10 days of equivalent atmospheric photo-oxidation in Beijing. As a consequence, the extreme case secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production was 426 ± 85 mg/kg-fuel, with high levels of precursors and OH exposure. The low hygroscopicity of the aerosols formed inside the chamber suggests that SOA was the dominant chemical composition. Fourteen percent of SOA measured in the chamber experiments could be explained through the oxidation of speciated single-ring aromatics. Unspeciated precursors, such as intermediate-volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds, might be significant for SOA formation from gasoline VOCs. We concluded that reductions of emissions of aerosol precursor gases from vehicles are essential to mediate pollution in China. 相似文献
22.
Zhixiang Zhou Tong Shao Mengnan Qin Xiaoyan Miao Yu Chang Wang Sheng Fengshang Wu Yunjiang Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(4):182-187
The purpose of this study was to examine the direct toxicity of PM2.5 collected from Beijing on human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC). A Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK8) assay demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure decreased the proliferation of HUVECs in a dosedependent manner. We also found that PM2.5 exposure induced autophagy in HUVECs, as evidenced by:(1) an increased number of double-membrane vesicles;(2) enhanced conversion and punctuation of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3); and(3) decreased levels of the selective autophagy substrate p62 in a time-dependent manner.Furthermore, promoting autophagy in PM2.5-exposed HUVECs with rapamycin increased the cell survival rate, whereas inhibiting autophagy via 3-methyladenine significantly decreased cell survival. These results demonstrate that PM2.5 exposure can induce cytotoxicity and autophagy in HUVECs and that autophagy play a protective role against PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity. The findings of the present study imply a direct toxic effect of PM2.5 on HUVECs and provide novel insight into the mechanism of cardiovascular diseases caused by PM2.5 exposure. 相似文献
23.
为了降低大型工业企业污染物防治的成本,提出会计成本控制策略研究。基于自然对数模型,对企业污染物防治的会计成本控制模型进行构建。采用最小二乘回归分析法,分析会计成本控制模型的约束变量,设计能源消费结构,将污染排放水平等参量作为结构的解释变量,对模型的回归系数进行计算,完成会计成本控制模型的构建。引入面板数据随机分析法,分析大型工业企业污染防治的弹性关系,通过会计成本控制模型,实现会计成本的最优控制。 相似文献
24.
环境污染对小麦品种具有决定作用,文章分析了环境污染同小麦病虫害的关联性,为小麦病虫害防治和治理提供可靠的分析依据。分析常见小麦病虫害产生的原因以及环境污染对于小麦病虫害产生的影响,详细研究了环境污染中的温度变化、湿度变化、光照变化以及风力变化对小麦病虫害的影响,给出减少环境污染对于农作物病虫害作用的措施,并总结了小麦病虫害绿色防控技术的几项建议,增强人们的环保意识,通过科学的方式提高小麦病虫害防治效率,增强小麦品质和产量。 相似文献
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详细介绍了“城市空气质量日报自动发布系统”的开发背景和开发过程 ,并对系统整体的架构和所用到的技术作了针对性的说明 ,阐明了作者对此类系统的前景和发展方向的看法。 相似文献
28.
分析并讨论了目前国内关于锅炉烟尘林格曼数(黑度级)监测计算几种取值方法存在的问题,对时间-林格曼数这一新的取值方法进行了探讨。 相似文献
29.
Adsorption of zinc on manganite(γ-MnOOH): particle concentration effect and adsorption reversibility
The adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ) on τ-MnOOH as a function of particle concentrations (Cp) were studied. An obvious Cp effect was observed in this adsorption system. The degree of adsorption hysteresis increased greatly with the increasing of Cp, indicating that the extent of the real metastable-equilibrium states deviating from the ideal equilibrium state was enhanced with the increasing of Cp. The Cp-reversibility relationship confirmed the metastable-equilibrium adsorption (MEA) inequality (Pan, 1998a), which was the core formulation of the MEA theory. Because the MEA inequality was based on the basic hypothesis of MEA theory that adsorption densitιy ι is not a state variable, the Cp-reversibility relationship gave indirect evidence to the basic hypothesis of MEA theory. 相似文献
30.
我省环境监测的远程数据传输也应用多年,但目前普遍存在着设备老化、传输手段落后、设备运行不稳定等状况,急需对现有系统进行换代或改造。通过对目前常用的数据传输方式的比较分析,采用GPRS传输方案实现我省环境监测数据远程传输系统是最优的,是斜学的、可行的。 相似文献