Preface

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution: Focus -     

河道水体富营养化污染综合治理的研究

根据丽娃河及丽娃支河污染现状和河道特征,经充分论证后确定综合整治方案,主体工程包括截污、调活水体、水质强化净化和河道生境恢复等,并付诸实施。对比综合整治跟踪监测结果和治理前河道水质状况调查结果显示,综合整治后,DO有了显著提高,NH3-N、TN、TP从治理前的劣Ⅴ类达到地表水Ⅴ类标准,河道的生态环境有了明显的改善等。结果表明,丽娃河采用水质强化和水生态重建方案并举,是行之有效的。     

环境的不确定性对声纳作用距离预报的影响

由于海洋环境的复杂性,声速梯度存在一定的不确定性.用蒙特卡洛方法对声速梯度进行模拟统计,并用WKBZ方法计算传播损失,得出各个距离上传播损失的概率分布直方图,由此可以导出声纳作用距离的概率分布直方图.相对于传统的声纳作用距离预报结果,文中给出的作用距离预报结果是一个满足某一分布的随机变量,而非某一个单一确定的值,为作用距离的预报提供了概率的依据.     

Marine Organisms as Indicators of Heavy Metal Pollution-Experience from 16 Years of Monitoring at a Lead Zinc Mine in Greenland

In monitoring the impact of a lead-zinc mine in Greenland, species of fish, prawns, seaweed and mussels have been analysed for cadmium, copper, lead and zinc for several years. These metals have been released to the marine environment in significant amounts from the mining operation.     

上海环城林带植物群落景观美学评价

以上海环城林带为对象,采用美景度评判法进行不同植被类型的景观评价,评价分为林内景观和林外景观2个空间层次,分别在春、夏、秋、冬4个季节进行。结果表明,林内景观平均值和林外景观的美景度都表现为夏季最高,冬季最低。在不同植被类型的林内景观中,落叶针叶林在不同季节均表现出最高的美景度,竹林的美景度最低;针叶林中,常绿针叶林的美景度四季均低于落叶针叶林;阔叶林中,落叶阔叶林的美景度在春季和夏季高于常绿落叶林,常绿阔叶林在秋季和冬季高于落叶阔叶林;混交林中,除秋季外,针阔混交林的美景度均高于常绿落叶阔叶混交林。     

苔藓植物资源保护利用中的生态环境效应研究进展

苔藓植物资源丰富、种类繁多、分布广泛,是一类以孢子繁殖,由水生向陆生过渡的高等植物。苔藓植物的结构相对简单,对环境变化的反应较为敏感,被广泛应用为环境污染的指示植物。苔藓植物生长与所处的环境有关,而它的生长对土壤结皮形成、水土保持、生态小环境改善等方面又发挥着重要的促进作用。综述了苔藓植物的资源分布、苔藓植物对环境污染的响应、苔藓植物的生态效应等方面的研究进展,但是目前的研究领域及其研究角度还存在着各自的不足。随着经济建设快速发展,世界各地大量的矿山开采、水电开发等工程建设对土地、自然环境的破坏日益严重,非农业建设以及农产品需求不断增加造成了农田的生态结构与功能发生着不断变化。针对各地经济社会发展以及城乡建设现状,积极开展工程建设领域以及农田生态系统苔藓植物的生态环境效应研究是今后值得十分重视的研究方向。     

苔藓植物资源保护利用中的生态环境效应研究进展

苔藓植物资源丰富、种类繁多、分布广泛,是一类以孢子繁殖,由水生向陆生过渡的高等植物。苔藓植物的结构相对简单,对环境变化的反应较为敏感,被广泛应用为环境污染的指示植物。苔藓植物生长与所处的环境有关,而它的生长对土壤结皮形成、水土保持、生态小环境改善等方面又发挥着重要的促进作用。综述了苔藓植物的资源分布、苔藓植物对环境污染的响应、苔藓植物的生态效应等方面的研究进展,但是目前的研究领域及其研究角度还存在着各自的不足。随着经济建设快速发展,世界各地大量的矿山开采、水电开发等工程建设对土地、自然环境的破坏日益严重,非农业建设以及农产品需求不断增加造成了农田的生态结构与功能发生着不断变化。针对各地经济社会发展以及城乡建设现状,积极开展工程建设领域以及农田生态系统苔藓植物的生态环境效应研究是今后值得十分重视的研究方向。     

Building pressure control test to examine if VOC contamination in indoor air is caused by an interior source or by a subslab source

When determining whether or not remediation of subslab contamination is warranted, it is often important to know if the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air is caused primarily by interior sources, or primarily by subslab contamination. With a Building Pressure Control test, the pressure differential across the building envelope and, thereby, also the pressure differential across the slab, can be controlled by a blower. By measuring the indoor air concentrations of VOCs under depressurization (upward pressure gradient over the slab) and under pressurization (downward pressure gradient over the slab), it can be determined if the subslab contamination contributes significantly to the VOC concentrations in indoor air. This technique has been applied at several sites in the Central Denmark Region, and the results show that a Building Pressure Control test is a quick and effective method to examine if VOC contamination in indoor air is caused primarily by interior sources or primarily by subslab sources. With numerous measurement points in the indoor air, at some sites this test method has identified the area where the subslab contamination is located. A pressure differential at ?5/+5 Pa across the building envelope was sufficient at all the test sites to control the pressure gradient across the slab to be uniquely upward/downward.     

Marine Organisms as Indicators of Heavy Metal Pollution-Experience from 16 Years of Monitoring at a Lead Zinc Mine in Greenland

In monitoring the impact of a lead-zinc mine in Greenland, species of fish, prawns, seaweed and mussels have been analysed for cadmium, copper, lead and zinc for several years. These metals have been released to the marine environment in significant amounts from the mining operation.