Data quality assessment for studies investigating microplastics and nanoplastics in food products: Are current data reliable?

● Data quality assessment criteria for MP/NPs in food products were developed. ● Data quality of 71 data records (69 of them only focused on MPs) was assessed. ● About 96% of the data records were considered unreliable in at least one criterion. ● Improvements need to be made regarding positive controls and polymer identification. ● A mismatch between MP/NPs used in toxicity studies and those in foods was recorded. Data on the occurrence of microplastics and nanoplastics (MP/NPs) in foods have been used to assess the human health risk caused by the consumption of MP/NPs. The reliability of the data, however, remains unclear because of the lack of international standards for the analysis of MP/NPs in foods. Therefore, the data quality needs to be assessed for accurate health risk assessment. This study developed 10 criteria applicable to the quality assessment of data on MP/NPs in foods. Accordingly, the reliability of 71 data records (69 of them only focused on MPs) was assessed by assigning a score of 2 (reliable without restrictions), 1 (reliable but with restrictions), or 0 (unreliable) on each criterion. The results showed that only three data records scored 2 or 1 on all criteria, and six data records scored 0 on as many as six criteria. A total of 58 data records did not include information on positive controls, and 12 data records did not conduct the polymer identification, which could result in the overestimation or underestimation of MP/NPs. Our results also indicated that the data quality of unprocessed foods was more reliable than that of processed foods. Furthermore, we proposed a quality assurance and quality control protocol to investigate MP/NPs in foods. Notably, the characteristics of MP/NPs used in toxicological studies and those existing in foods showed a remarkable discrepancy, causing the uncertainty of health risk assessment. Therefore, both the estimated exposure of MP/NPs and the claimed potential health risks should be treated with caution.     

Distributive and procedural justice as predictors of employee outcomes in Hong Kong

This study examines the extent to which employee judgments about distributive and procedural justice predict job satisfaction, intent to stay and evaluation of supervision in Hong Kong. Distributive and procedural justice each plays a role in determining work outcomes of Hong Kong employees. However, some effects of these justice variables differ from results of previous studies in the United States (U.S.). First, in previous U.S. studies, procedural justice moderates the relationship of distributive justice with evaluation of supervision, but not with job satisfaction or intent to stay. For Hong Kong employees, procedural justice moderates the effects of distributive justice on job satisfaction and intent to stay, but not on evaluation of supervision. Second, previous U.S. studies have shown that procedural justice has a larger effect on work outcomes for women, while distributive justice has larger effects on outcomes for men. For Hong Kong employees, the effects of procedural and distributive justice are about the same for men and women. Differences in the effects of distributive and procedural justice between Hong Kong and the U.S. may reflect cultural dimensions, such as collectivism/individualism and power distance, as well as the relative availability of rewards for women in the work force. Practical implications and future research directions are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

记忆中的邢台地震

当您翻开这一贞,南空中拍摄的地震火害区域图就映入了眼帘,40年前的往事浮现在脑海中……     

一年之计在于春

春天不仅仅是一种气象和景象,也是一种生命的状态。春天是生命核子大爆炸的时段,因此,自古就有“一年之计在于春”的说法,现今在这个勃兴的时段又多了许多特殊的白子。从3月12日的“植树节”     

Physicochemical and nutritional features of Gleditsia japonica shell biochar under different pyrolysis conditions

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study aimed to investigate the effects of pyrolysis temperature (200–700 °C) and duration (2 h, 4 h) on...     

Study on mechanical properties and damage characteristics of rubber concrete under equal amplitude high stress repeated loading

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The reuse of waste rubber in concrete is beneficial for sustainable development of ecological environment. Rubber concrete is often under repeated...     

Perfluoroalkyl substance pollution: detecting and visualizing emerging trends based on CiteSpace

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In recent years, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been detected in all kinds of environmental media and can harm animals and human beings. They...     

Particle size effects in microbial characteristics in thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure containing copper oxide

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Roles of bulk-, micron-, and nano-copper oxide (CuO) on methane production, microbial diversity, functions during thermophilic anaerobic digestion...     

浅谈清洁生产在井下作业施工中的应用

在油田井下作业中推行清洁生产已经成为企业节能降耗、控制污染、转变经济增长方式的重要方式,是企业可持续发展的重要组成部分。文章介绍清洁生产的四种模式:减少污染物产生;节能降耗为主;在节能、降耗的基础上以减污为主;可持续发展为目标的清洁生产模式。提出了井下修井作业清洁生产主要措施。清洁生产在修井作业施工中的推行必将促使企业整体环保管理水平、经济效益和竞争能力的提高。