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941.
Qi Yang Jun Yi Kun Luo Xiaoli Jing Xiaoming Li Yang Liu Guangming Zeng 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2013,91(6):521-526
The individual alkaline or microwave pretreatment has been proved to be effective in disintegration and acidification of waste activated sludge (WAS). In this study, the effects of combined alkaline and microwave pretreatment at different pH and specific energy input (Es) on WAS disintegration were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Combined pretreatment achieved disintegration degree (DD) of 65.87% at Es of 38,400 kJ/kg TS and pH 11.0. The ANOVA further demonstrated that pH showed more significant effect on DD than Es. Anaerobic batch experiment results showed that combined pretreatment not only significantly improved volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation but also shortened the time for the highest VFAs accumulation. The maximal VFAs accumulation (1500 mg COD/L) obtained at Es of 28,800 kJ/kg TS and fermentation time of 72 h, which was about two times that of the treatment without microwave (850 mg COD/L) at 96 h. The analysis of VFAs composition showed that the VFAs mainly consisted of acetic and iso-valeric acids, accounting for 57.3–70.1% of total VFAs. 相似文献
942.
Bo Shi Weigang Wang Cici Fan Yuchan Zhang Zheng Sun Yanli Zeng Maofa Ge 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(6):25-33
The reaction of Cl atoms with two C5 aldehydes (3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal) were investigated by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrum (PTR-MS) using smog chamber at 298 ± 1 K and 760 Torr. A relative rate method was used to determine the rate constants of the title reactions with m-xylene and trans-2-butene as reference compounds: (3.04 ± 0.18) × 10−10 and (2.07 ± 0.14) × 10−10 cm3/(molecule⋅sec) for 3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal, respectively. Additionally, the gas-phase products were also identified by PTR-MS, and the possible reaction mechanisms were proposed basing on the identified products. The detected gas-phase products are similar for two C5 aldehydes reactions, mainly including small molecules of aldehydes, ketones and chlorinated aldehyde compounds. The atmospheric lifetimes (τ) calculated for 3-methyl-2-butenal (τ = 7.0 hr, marine boundary layer (MBL)) and 3-methylbutanal (τ = 10.3 hr, MBL) according to the obtained rate constants. The results indicate that Cl atoms at MBL are competitive with OH radicals for the degradation contribution of C5 aldehyde compounds. 相似文献
943.
Hezhong Yuan Bingchan Ji Juan Wu Haixiang Wang Jianghua Yu Yiwei Cai Enfeng Liu Qiang Li Qingfei Zeng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(8):147-157
Different N and P fractions in microcosm incubation experiment was measured using high-resolution in-situ Peeper and DGT techniques combining with sequential extraction procedure. The results showed the synchronous desorption and release of PO43-, S2- and Fe2+ from the solid soil-originated sediment. This trend indicated that the significant reduction of Fe-P and SO42- occurred in the pore water during the inundation. The concentrations of PO43- in the overlying water and pore water increased to more than 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L at the beginning of the incubation experiment. Decreased NO3-concentrations from more than 1.5 mg/L to less than 0.5 mg/L combining with increasing NH4+ concentrations from less than 1 mg/L to more than 5 mg/L suggested the remarkable NO3- reduction via dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) pathway over time. High NH4+ concentrations in the pore water aggravated the release of Fe2+ through reduction of Fe(III)-P as electric acceptors under anaerobic conditions. This process further stimulated the remarkable releasing of labile PO43- from the solid phase to the solution and potential diffusion into overlying water. Additionally, high S2- concentration at deeper layer indicated the reduction and releasing of S2- from oxidation states, which can stimulated the NO3- reduction and the accumulation of NH4+ in the pore water. This process can also provoke the reduction of Fe-P as electric acceptors following the release of labile PO43- into pore water. Generally, inundation potentially facilitate the desorption of labile P and attention should be paid during the reclaiming lake from polder. 相似文献
944.
采用微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定了垃圾焚烧飞灰中铅的含量。重点研究了铁氰化钾的用量以及加入盐酸羟胺对测定结果的影响。试验结果表明:加入铁氰化钾可以促进铅烷生成,盐酸羟胺可起到抑制干扰的作用。方法的检出限为0.39μg/L,回收率为83.6%~101.3%。 相似文献
945.
当前我国大气污染形势严峻,严重损害人民群众身体健康,影响社会和谐稳定。为切实改善空气质量,国务院于2013年9月印发了《大气污染防治行动计划》(简称《行动计划》)。本研究测算了实施该行动计划所需投入资金,并定量评估了可能给中国带来的社会、经济、健康等影响。结果表明,《大气污染防治行动计划》直接投资共计需要资金约1.84万亿元,其中优化能源结构、移动源污染防治、工业企业污染治理、面源污染治理的投资需求约分别为2844亿元、14 067.66亿元、915.44亿元和615.72亿元;2017年全国因实施《大气污染防治行动计划》而减少的慢性死亡人数平均约为11.06万人,占人口总数的0.15‰,各地损失寿命年限均有所下降,即寿命有延长趋势;带来的社会经济影响为正效应,在2013—2017年,计划的实施将拉动我国GDP增长约20 403.01亿元,增加就业岗位约291.13万个。本研究对政策评估研究及未来大气污染治理发展方向具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
946.
电镀前处理废水中含有大量难降解有机物,成分复杂,用传统生化法难以处理达标。本实验采用Fenton氧化技术对前处理废水进行预处理,再用生物接触氧化技术后续降解COD,使出水中COD达到《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB21900-2008)表3的水质要求。实验采用实际电镀生产废水,COD=300 mg/L,通过芬顿-生物接触氧化因素实验,优化工艺参数,去除率可达到83%以上,COD降到50 mg/L以下.最佳芬顿反应参数为:pH=3.0,COD/H2O2=1.5,Fe2+/H2O2=2,反应时间t=10 min;生物接触氧化法最佳水力停留时间为7 h,进水pH在6~8之间。 相似文献
947.
Xu Tao Lei Xiping Sun Bo Yu Gang Zeng Yifu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(25):20577-20586
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Copper wastewater from industry is detrimental to plants and environment. There are some problems in the aspects of high efficiency and energy saving... 相似文献
948.
Peng Li Yuyou Zhi Jiachun Shi Lingzao Zeng Laosheng Wu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2015,22(22):17937-17947
949.
Yan Wang Caiting Li Lingkui Zhao Yin’e Xie Xunan Zhang Guangming Zeng Huiyu Wu Jie Zhang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(6):5099-5110
Fe2O3 and CeO2 modified activated coke (AC) synthesized by the equivalent-volume impregnation were employed to remove elemental mercury (Hg0) from simulated flue gas at a low temperature. Effects of the mass ratio of Fe2O3 and CeO2, reaction temperature, and individual flue gas components including O2, NO, SO2, and H2O (g) on Hg0 removal efficiency of impregnated AC were investigated. The samples were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that with optimal mass percentage of 3 % Fe2O3 and 3 % CeO2 on Fe3Ce3/AC, the Hg0 removal efficiency could reach an average of 88.29 % at 110 °C. Besides, it was observed that O2 and NO exhibited a promotional effect on Hg0 removal, H2O (g) exerted a suppressive effect, and SO2 showed an insignificant inhibition without O2 to some extent. The analysis of XPS indicated that the main species of mercury on used Fe3Ce3/AC was HgO, which implied that adsorption and catalytic oxidation were both included in Hg0 removal. Furthermore, the lattice oxygen, chemisorbed oxygen, and/or weakly bonded oxygen species made a contribution to Hg0 oxidation. 相似文献
950.
通过一系列实验研究碳源浓度、培养箱转速、碱木质素浓度以及菌体活性等因素对简青霉菌丝球在溶液中吸附碱木质素的影响,并探讨其生物吸附机理;确定最佳碳源浓度和转速,分别为10 g/L和150 r/min。当碱木质素浓度小于0.5 g/L时,吸附效果较好,由菌丝球活性对照实验以及电镜照片可知吸附作用主要是由菌丝球的物理结构决定的,与其是否具有活性关系不大。通过吸附等温实验确定菌丝球的最大吸附量为30.3 mg/g,且吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。另外,过氧化氢对木质素降解酶影响的实验证明,木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶均需要过氧化氢的启动才能催化降解木质素,并且在降解过程中,木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶的作用远远大于漆酶。 相似文献