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为了提高空气质量改善进程,2013 年国家发布了《大气污染防治行动计划》。本文基于空气污染与健康效益评估模型(BenMAP),对人口分布资料、大气污染与人体健康影响的暴露反应关系等进行了本土化修正,采用“支付意愿法”与“疾病成本法”相结合的方法,系统评估了《大气污染防治行动计划》实施后,PM2.5 污染变化引起的环境健康效益。研究结果表明,《大气污染防治行动计划》的实施将在一定程度上降低PM2.5 环境浓度,改善环境空气质量。如果《大气污染防治行动计划》空气质量目标全面实现,可以避免城镇8.9 万居民的过早死亡,减少12 万人次住院治疗以及941 万人次的门诊和急诊病例,实现的全国健康效益约为867 亿元/ 年,说明了《大气污染防治行动计划》实施的健康有益性。本文对政府部门开展污染损失评估及制定环境健康政策具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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本文基于大气污染导致的疾病负担模型和投入产出模型,利用成渝地区环境统计基表以及《大气污染防治行动计划》(以下简称"大气十条")自查报告的详细数据,对成渝地区"大气十条"实施的大气污染治理成本、健康效益和社会经济影响进行全面评估,得出如下结论:①成渝地区"大气十条"实施的环境健康效益大于其治理成本,成渝地区"大气十条"实施成本为376.3亿元,环境健康效益为670亿元,环境健康效益比实施成本高78%。②重点工业行业是成渝地区"大气十条"治理的重点,其治理成本为309.3亿元;其次是机动车治理成本,为50.1亿元。③成渝地区"大气十条"实施的环保投资为746亿元,对GDP拉动效应为1004.7亿元,增加就业5.24万人,有一定的社会经济拉动效益。④成渝地区PM2.5降低1μg/m3需花费8.2亿元,其中,四川省PM2.5降低1μg/m3成本为10.4亿元,重庆市为6.0亿元。 相似文献
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正自2013年《大气污染防治行动计划》公布实施以来,各重点区域、省(市)及相关环保部门纷纷出台了《大气污染防治行动计划》实施细则/实施方案,其中挥发性有机污染物VOCs减排与控制已经成为大气污染防治的重点工作。为更好应对我国当前大气污染形势,推动行业排放治理,促进挥发性有机污染物VOCs的减排与控制,由中国环保产业协会废气净化委员会、挥发性有机污染物 相似文献
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针对大气污染问题,2013年国务院颁布了《大气污染防治行动计划》,从更高层次上实施国家及区域层面的大气污染协同治理战略。区域联合防控及协同治理是当前情况下治理好大气污染的必然选择,但是尚未形成完整的体系。收集整理了100篇大气污染协同治理相关政策文件,构建了政策工具量化的二维分析框架,探讨了当前对大气污染协同治理的政策工具使用情况,并针对性地提出了强化命令型政策工具、弥补能力型建设工具、完善奖惩福利机制、完善监督监测预警系统等一系列政策建议。 相似文献
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环境问题的复杂性,考验着政府的治理能力。2013年9月,国务院发布《大气污染防治行动计划》,提出”地方各级政府对本区域内的大气环境质量负总责“的原则,体现了加强政府环保责任的意志。 相似文献
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Due to growing environmental challenges, the demand for effective management through pro-environmental policy measures is increasing. The effectiveness is, however, largely determined by the degree to which the policy measures are supported by the actors affected by them. A consistent finding in the literature is that ideology (or subjective positioning on the left–right dimension) affects environmental policy support, with left-leaning individuals being more pro-environmental. A major caveat with previous research is that it seldom makes a distinction between different kinds of policies. Therefore, we are concerned with investigating how different ideological positions affect attitudes towards different forms of environmental protection. Using unique survey data, we show that ideology is related to conceptions about the fairness and effectiveness of different policy tools, which in turn steer preferences. In that sense, this paper makes the discussion on the effects of ideological position on pro-environmental policy support more nuanced. 相似文献
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回顾了中国改革开放三十年来环境法治建设取得的主要成就,并对我国环境立法、环境执法、环境司法和理论研究方面提出了建议。 相似文献
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分析了我国环保投入财税政策的现状,对比国内外相应政策,指出现阶段我国环保财政存在投入仍然不足、投资结构不合理、财税政策对促进环保投入的效果不明显等问题;总结国外经验,提出应加大财政资金投入、综合运用多种财政工具以及深化环保税收政策的改革等对策,以促进我国环保产业稳健、迅速发展。 相似文献
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Kristin L. Olofsson Juniper Katz Daniel P. Costie Tanya Heikkila Christopher M. Weible 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2018,20(5):645-660
This paper identifies the coalitions involved in the topic of shale oil and gas development in India and identifies the circumstances surrounding a change in policy in 2013 by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas to promote shale exploration. Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework as the theoretical lens, the data are collected primarily from newspaper articles from 2010 to 2015 to identify coalitions, including actors’ positions, priorities, and interactions. The findings show the presence of a dominant advocacy coalition in favor of shale oil and gas development with priorities about energy security and a regulatory framework. The findings indicate some internal coalition disagreement, but stronger internal coalition agreement. Policy change was preceded by a spike in disagreement internal to the dominant coalition. This paper shows how a change in a dominant coalition can precede a change in policy, offers a replicable method of identifying and measuring coalitions via newspaper content analysis, provides a rare application of the Advocacy Coalition Framework outside of North America and Western Europe, and provides evidence of support for shale oil and gas development in India. 相似文献
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Zhao Ma Dennis R. Becker Michael A. Kilgore 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2009,52(8):1035-1051
Following the intent of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, many states have adopted policies and procedures directing state agencies and local government units to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of development projects prior to their undertaking. In contrast to a rich literature on federal requirements, current understanding of state environmental review is narrowly focused and outdated. This paper seeks to provide information on the landscape of state environmental review policy frameworks. The paper identifies 37 states with formal environmental review requirements through a document review of state statutes, administrative rules and agency-prepared materials, and confirms this finding through a survey of state administrators. A two-tier classification is used to distinguish states based on the approach taken to address environmental review needs and the scope and depth of relevant policies and procedures implemented. This paper also provides a discussion of policy and programme attributes that may contribute to effective practice, and of the potential for adopting relevant legislation in states where environmental review is currently lacking. 相似文献
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目前,我国总体环境形势可概括为:局部地区和行业的部分环境指标有所改善,环境恶化状况未得到根本遏制,环境形势依然十分严峻,未来的环境压力将继续加大。要想从根本上解决问题,就必须从实际出发,加强应对污染事故的机制建设,建立环境保护长效机制。其中,极为重要的一环是完善环境政策、法规、标准、制度体系。 相似文献
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中国工程院国际工程科技高端论坛暨PACE 20周年纪念大会于2017年8月28~29日在北京举行。PACE 20周年大会就"水资源水环境政策"和"环境社会治理"两个主题进行了深入研讨,并达成以下共识:政府治理是中国水资源水环境治理的主导模式,但目前我国水资源水环境政府治理仍面临政策不规范、立法不完善、监管不到位等实质性的问题,要积极促进政策的制定与执行;环境社会治理是我国环境治理的短板,环境治理不仅需要政府的主导,更需要社会上的利益相关方参与政策制定、监督与执行过程,更需要社会各行为主体的自觉自主行动,促进环境行为改善,化解由环境引起的社会矛盾。 相似文献