An evidence of salinity impact on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fishes collected from the Messolonghi lagoon in Greece

The impact of salinity and water exchange rate on the accumulation of heavy metals in the benthic fish Zosterissesor ophiocephalus, collected from the shallow sublagoons Tholi and Paleopotamos, was studied. Both sublagoons are influenced by the intensive agricultural activity of the surrounding area in terms of the chemical substances’ drainage, and by the untreated sewage discharges of an urbanized area with Paleopotamos being affected in lesser extent. Paleopotamos is characterised by restricted water renovation, resulting to much higher salinity than Tholi. The bioaccumulation of the heavy metals studied (Manganese, Zinc and Copper), reveals differences among the metals with females showing higher values. Specimens from Paleopotamos showed statistically significant higher bioaccumulation of the heavy metals in both sexes, which is attributed to the extremely high salinity of this sublagoon.     

基于土壤系统结构的喀斯特流域水文干旱分析——以贵州省为例

干旱是全球性普遍发生的一种自然现象,而喀斯特流域水文干旱不能简单归因于“气候异常、降水量减少”。论文将利用面向对象分类技术,提取土壤类型、土壤相对覆盖度、土壤相对粗糙度、土壤相对湿度的遥感信息;从土壤系统结构与土壤系统功能的关系角度,分析土壤单因素单因子、单因素双因子耦合以及多因素耦合对流域水文干旱影响。研究表明:①土壤单因素单因子对流域水文干旱影响,即是土壤通道对降雨的土壤径流影响的体现;②土壤单因素双因子耦合对流域水文干旱影响,取决于其单因子对流域水文干旱影响的程度;③土壤多因素耦合对流域水文干旱影响,即是土壤通道耦合对降雨的土壤径流影响的综合体现。因此,通过论文的研究,从土壤系统结构的角度,揭示了流域水文干旱的驱动机制,为喀斯特地区水资源的利用提供了理论基础。     

省域旅游发展的错位现象及旅游资源相对效率评价——以中国大陆31省市区2000—2009年面板数据为例

以中国大陆31 个省级区域2000—2009 年的面板数据(因资料有限,未计算香港、澳门和台湾地区)为例,运用熵值法对各地区旅游资源禀赋状况进行评价,进一步构建错位指数,对各地区旅游业发展的“错位(诅咒) ”现象进行定量分析,同时结合旅游资源相对效率,对各地区旅游资源开发提出相应的建议。研究表明,总体上大陆旅游资源存在着一定程度的负向错位现象,正向错位的地区主要位于东部地区,且集中分布在长三角、珠三角、京津地区;发生负向错位现象的地区主要位于广大中西部地区。不同区域效率的驱动模式各不相同,东部地区旅游资源总效率主要受纯技术效率驱动,西部地区旅游资源总效率主要受规模效率驱动。效率排名与错位指数排名表现出很强的正相关性,结合两者的关系为未来省域旅游资源开发利用提供相应的建议。     

东湖、汤逊湖和梁子湖沉积物磷形态及pH对磷释放的影响

文章采用淡水沉积物中磷形态标准测试程序(SMT)研究了东湖、汤逊湖和梁子湖沉积物中磷的形态分布,并比较了不同pH条件下沉积物磷释放特征的差异性。结果表明:东湖沉积物总磷质量分数最高,平均值1.232 mg.g-1,其次为汤逊湖(0.762mg.g-1),梁子湖沉积物总磷质量分数最低(0.572 mg.g-1);3个湖泊上覆水总磷质量浓度也表现出类似的变化规律,线性相关性分析显示上覆水中总磷质量浓度与沉积物总磷质量分数显著正相关。东湖和梁子湖沉积物总磷中无机磷和有机磷所占比例较接近,汤逊湖无机磷所占比例远低于有机磷。不同湖泊之间磷形态的分布并没有一定的规律性,湖泊的地理分布以及人为因素可能是造成磷形态差异的主要因素。当pH为2.0~7.0时,3个湖泊沉积物中溶解性活性磷(SRP)释放量均呈先增加后减小的趋势;当pH为7.0~12.0时,SRP释放量呈增加趋势。相关分析结果表明,SRP的释放与有机质的质量分数无显著相关性。方差分析结果显示3个湖泊沉积物在黏粒和粉粒组成上均没有显著差异(P>0.1),表明实验样品的粒径组成不是造成各个湖泊间磷释放差异的原因。不同pH条件下,SRP释放量与沉积物总磷质量分数显著正相关;酸性环境下,SRP释放量与酸式磷(HCl-P)的相关性优于碱式磷(NaOH-P),碱性环境下则刚好相反。     

The abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis

This review reports the research progress in the abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis. For air pollution control, the selective catalytic reduction of NO _x (SCR) by ammonia and hydrocarbons on metal oxide and zeolite catalysts are reviewed and discussed, as is the removal of Hg from flue gas by catalysis. The oxidation of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by photo- and thermal-catalysis for indoor air quality improvement is reviewed. For wastewater treatment, the catalytic elimination of inorganic and organic pollutants in wastewater is presented. In addition, the mechanism for the procedure of abatement of air and water pollutants by catalysis is discussed in this review. Finally, a research orientation on environment catalysis for the treatment of air pollutants and wastewater is proposed.     

Temporary site selection and decision‐making methods: a case study of Tehran,Iran

Decisions on selecting an appropriate site for temporary shelter used to be taken in a limited amount of time after a disaster. The need for a systematic method in this area inspired the MADM (multi‐attribute decision making) for complex disaster management decisions. This research proposes a model for appropriate and systematic site selection for temporary shelters, before an earthquake, using a geographical information system and MADM based on an earthquake damage assessment. After the effective criteria for site selection of temporary shelters are determined, the geographical layers of these criteria are prepared for Municipal District No.1 of Greater Tehran, the capital of Iran. Given these attributes and the required shelter area (415–610 hectares), 14 zones are proposed initially. Various MADM methods are used for the final selection. The mean of the aggregated ranking results are determined, and 10 of the 14 initial zones are ranked.     

Fluent软件在地表水源热泵系统温排水数值模拟中的运用

运用Fluent软件对重庆市嘉陵江化龙桥段瑞安新天地江水水源热泵系统尾水排入受纳水域的过程进行二维数值模拟,选取Fluent中非耦合、隐式求解器对模型内的定常流动进行求解,得出受纳水域受水源热泵系统温排水影响后的温升面积和温度梯度。结果表明:在温排水流量为2.0×103 m3/h、温差为4℃的条件下,计算该水域沿水流方向温升超过1℃的最大影响距离为150.4 m,温升超过1℃的水域面积约为1 525 m2,为模拟江水面积的8.59%。选取1℃温升值作为温升带的边界控制值,并在热泵系统最大负荷工况下,根据W=Q×ΔT计算研究水域热环境容量为19.402 m3.℃/s,剩余热环境容量为17.736 m3.℃/s。根据地表水环境质量标准,该工程温排水量小于受纳水域的热承载力,不会对受纳水域生态环境造成热污染。     

Phylogeography of the seaweed Ishige okamurae (Phaeophyceae): evidence for glacial refugia in the northwest Pacific region

Although benthic marine algae are essential components of marine coastal systems that have been influenced profoundly by past and present climate change, our knowledge of seaweed phylogeography is limited. The brown alga Ishige okamurae Yendo occurs in the northwest Pacific, where it occupies a characteristic belt in the exposed intertidal zone. To understand the patterns of genetic diversity and the evolutionary history of this species, we analyzed mitochondrial cox3 from 14 populations (221 individuals) throughout its range. The 17 haplotypes found in this study formed five distinct clades, indicating significant genetic structure. The high differentiation and number of unique (private) haplotypes may result from the recolonization of the species from glacial refugia. Three putative refugia, each with high genetic diversity, were identified: southern Korea (including Jeju Island), northern Taiwan, and central Pacific Japan. Recolonization of I. okamurae was probably determined by ocean currents and changes in sea level during the last glacial period.     

我国水生生物水质基准推导的物种选择

水生生物水质基准旨在保护水生生物不受水体中化学物质的有害影响,是水质基准体系的重要组成部分.不同区域水生态系统的生物区系不同,导致基准值也会存在差异.在综合研究美国、欧盟、加拿大、荷兰、澳大利亚和新西兰等国家和地区在推导水生生物水质基准的物种选择及其考虑因素的基础上,初步研究我国水生生物水质基准推导的物种选择原则.结果表明:推导我国水生生物水质基准需要选择来自8科的水生生物,分别为鲤科鱼类、硬骨鱼纲中的另一科、两栖动物纲的一科、浮游动物中节肢动物门和轮虫动物门各一科、底栖动物中节肢动物门和环节动物门各一科及一种最敏感的大型水生植物(或浮游植物),可全面代表我国水生态系统不同的营养级和生命形式.      

嘉陵江重庆段DOM三维荧光光谱的平行因子分析

应用平行因子分析法对2010年6月嘉陵江重庆段水体13个取样点DOM(溶解性有机质)的三维荧光光谱进行指纹识别.结果表明,嘉陵江重庆段水体可识别出4类5个荧光组分,包括类富里酸荧光组分C1(250、320 nm/400 nm)和C4(230、340nm/450 nm)、类腐殖酸荧光组分C2(260、360 nm/450 nm)、浮游生物产生的荧光组分C3(260 nm/380 nm)和类蛋白物质荧光组分C5(280 nm/330 nm).它们的贡献率依次为类富里酸18%～38%,类腐殖酸11%～18%,浮游植物8%～22%,类蛋白物质33%～49%.嘉陵江重庆段水体的有机物污染主要以来自工业、生活污水和其他人为活动产生的陆源污染输入为主,其次是浮游植物和水体微生物代谢产生的污染.13个取样点的总荧光强度在空间分布上由西到东呈"升高—降低—升高—降低"的趋势.