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Daniel S. Read Marianne Matzke Hyun S. Gweon Lindsay K. Newbold Laura Heggelund Maria Diez Ortiz Elma Lahive David Spurgeon Claus Svendsen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(5):4120-4128
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in an array of products and processes, ranging from personal care products to antifouling paints, textiles, food additives, antibacterial agents and environmental remediation processes. Soils are an environment likely to be exposed to manmade nanoparticles due to the practice of applying sewage sludge as a fertiliser or as an organic soil improver. However, understanding on the interactions between soil properties, nanoparticles and the organisms that live within soil is lacking, especially with regards to soil bacterial communities. We studied the effects of nanoparticulate, non-nanoparticulate and ionic zinc (in the form of zinc chloride) on the composition of bacterial communities in soil with a modified pH range (from pH 4.5 to pH 7.2). We observed strong pH-dependent effects on the interaction between bacterial communities and all forms of zinc, with the largest changes in bacterial community composition occurring in soils with low and medium pH levels (pH 4.8 and 5.9). The high pH soil (pH 7.2) was less susceptible to the effects of zinc exposure. At the highest doses of zinc (2500 mg/kg dw soil), both nano and non-nano particulate zinc applications elicited a similar response in the soil bacterial community, and this differed significantly to the ionic zinc salt treatment. The results highlight the importance of considering soil pH in nanotoxicology studies, although further work is needed to determine the exact mechanisms controlling the toxicity and fate and interactions of nanoparticles with soil microbial communities. 相似文献
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Svendsen TC Vorkamp K Rønsholdt B Frier JO 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(11):1213-1219
Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar) populations from four locations, two from isolated Swedish lake systems, one of the Baltic Sea and one of the North Atlantic, were analyzed to determine the concentrations and spatial variations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorines (DDT, PCB and HCH). Levels in both liver and muscle were in the same range as previously reported in Atlantic salmon, except for elevated concentrations found per lipid weight (lw) in the muscle samples of salmon from the North Atlantic ( summation PBDE 263 ng g(-1) lw, summation PCB 3262 ng g(-1) lw, summation DDT 4063 ng g(-1) lw summation HCH 131 ng g(-1)). In general, elevated concentrations in the muscles compared to the liver were observed, especially in lipid depleted migrating salmon, possibly caused by a faster lipid depletion compared with the redistribution of PBDEs, PCBs and DDTs. These findings indicated that the life stage and thereby the lipid dynamics of the fish must be considered prior to comparison based on lipid weight, especially as Atlantic salmon experience large variations in lipid content during periods of migration. The dominating PBDE congener was BDE-47, representing more than 25% in all fish. The PBDE pattern changed between locations, with a significant separation of the fish from the freshwater and marine environment when analyzed using principal component analysis. 相似文献
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通过对湖北省再生资源回收利用现状进行实地和问卷调查,描述了湖北省再生资源回收利用现状;分析存在的问题及成因;并提出了相应的改进措施与建议,促进再生资源行业的快速健康发展;为湖北省建设节约型社会加快发展循环经济提供依据。 相似文献
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随着电子产品、汽车报废高峰期的到来,作为其基本材料的热固性塑料的废弃量增长迅速。通过对国内外废弃热固塑料资源化技术进行分析,可以发现目前废弃热固塑料资源化存在的主要问题是收集困难,分类辨识技术低。由于废弃热固塑料的来源存在明显差异,在其回收体系中分别采用P-R模式、D-R模式和P-C-R模式,对不同来源的废弃热固塑料进行回收;并通过制定经济激励措施,细化并强制执行塑料分类标识标准,规范再生行业,加快废弃塑料分类辨识技术研发等对策来促进废弃热固塑料的资源化。 相似文献
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Ugochukwu E. Aronu Hallvard F. Svendsen Karl Anders Hoff 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2010,4(5):771-775
The carbon dioxide capture potential of amine amino acid salts (AAAS), formed by mixing equinormal amounts of amino acids; e.g. glycine, β-alanine and sarcosine, with an organic base; 3-(methylamino)propylamine (MAPA), was assessed by comparison with monoethanolamine (MEA), and with amino acid salt (AAS) from amino acid neutralized with an inorganic base; potassium hydroxide (KOH). Carbon dioxide absorption and desorption experiments were carried out on the solvent systems at 40 °C and 80 °C respectively. Experimental results showed that amine amino acid salts have similar CO2 absorption properties to MEA of the same concentration. They also showed good signs of stability during the experiments. Amino acid salt from an inorganic base, KOH, showed lower performance in CO2 absorption than the amine amino acid salts (AAAS) mainly due to a lower equilibrium temperature sensitivity. AAAS showed better performance than MEA of same concentration. AAAS from neutralization of sarcosine with MAPA showed the best performance and the performance could be further enhanced when promoted with excess MAPA. The solvent comparison is semi-quantitative since the bubble structure, and thus gas–liquid interfacial area may not be the same for all experiments, however superficial gas velocities were kept constant. 相似文献
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将伊乐藻以直接抛掷、直接扦插和断枝抛掷3种方式种植,测定其上覆水TP、DO、pH和沉积物中各形态磷。结果表明:(1)实验结束(120d)时,直接抛掷、直接扦插和断枝抛掷处理组的的生物量分别增加69.14、50.32、46.15g,从长期来看,直接抛掷最有利于伊乐藻生物量的增长。(2)实验结束时,直接抛掷、直接扦插和断枝抛掷处理组的沉积物中TP分别下降了8.90%、7.30%、5.40%;无机磷分别下降了11.80%、8.20%、6.60%;有机磷分别下降了7.47%、6.46%、2.65%;NaOH提取态磷分别下降了19.90%、17.20%、11.70%;HCl提取态磷分别下降了4.12%、3.47%、2.83%。直接抛掷种植伊乐藻对沉积物中各形态磷的去除效果最好。(3)上覆水TP与沉积物中各形态磷呈正相关,说明沉积物中的磷是上覆水中磷的重要来源;上覆水TP和沉积物各形态磷均与伊乐藻生物量呈负相关,说明伊乐藻可以有效去除上覆水和沉积物中的磷;DO和pH与生物量呈正相关,而与上覆水TP和沉积物各形态磷呈负相关,说明上覆水DO和pH主要受伊乐藻的影响。 相似文献
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Toxicological and biochemical responses of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus to pyrene, a non-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The effects of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pyrene on earthworms were investigated in contact and soil tests. In addition to measuring toxic effects on survival and reproduction, Ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) activity and catalase activity were also studied as possible biomarkers of toxic stress. The survival data indicated that LC50 values were 0.0068 mg/ml for the contact test, and 283 mg/kg in the soil test. Cocoon production rate was significantly reduced compared to controls at 160, 640 and 2560 mg/kg in the soil test. No EROD activity could be detected in preliminary studies using control and exposed animals from the contact test, so this assay was not used to the soil test. Catalase activity was shown to be significantly lower at 640 mg/kg in the soil test compared to all other treatments and the control. When compared to toxicological data for other soil invertebrates, Lumbricus rubellus has an intermediate sensitivity in respects of survival and a lower sensitivity for reproductive effects, although the soil used in this study had a higher organic content than previous studies, meaning that the sensitivity of this species may be underestimated in comparison to previous published data for other soil invertebrates. 相似文献