废水中磷的监测和处理

本文介绍了钼锑抗光度法测定污水中总磷在实际应用中应该注意的问题，并介绍了不同类型污水处理设施的除磷效率。则结果证明，常规二级污水处理工艺对总磷的去除率只能达到４０－５０％左右，迄今，化学混凝与生物过程一体化的处理系统可能是除灰最经济有效的办法。     

酚类物质对厌氧生物降解性的影响研究

通过厌氧间歇试验,研究了4种酚类物质在不同浓度下的累积产气量,并将其归纳为两类8种不同降解性影响的典型曲线.试验表明,4种酚类物质中,苯酚和邻甲酚可被厌氧微生物降解,而对甲酚和五氯酚不能被厌氧微生物降解.     

聚硅酸溶胶和凝胶的电镜观察

用透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）和扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）观察了硅酸溶胶的聚合过程。在ｐＨ值与Ｎａ２Ｏ·ｎＳｉＯ２模数一定时，其聚合速度与温度有关，温度高聚合快。聚硅酸溶胶粒子主要是圆形或椭圆形颗粒，粒子由于聚集变大，硅酸凝胶具有毛刷结构，其间隙被水填充。反应时，聚集、聚合和溶解同时进行，最后聚集起主要作用，凝胶形成。     

多氯代甲烷对鳝鱼红细胞微核率及核异常率的影响

试验采用外周血红细胞微核测试技术,通过分析鳝鱼外周血细胞的核异常率和微核率,研究多氯代甲烷的遗传毒性和生态安全性.结果表明:①96 h后,质量浓度为3 mg·L-,30 mg·L-1和300 mg·L-1的CCl4和CHCl3污染所产生的核异常率分别为:5.38%和4.26%,9.62%和6.50%,12.18%和9.54%,表明CCl4对细胞异常率的影响大于CHCl3对细胞核异常率的影响;②96 h后,质量浓度为3 mg·L-1,30 mg·L-1和300 mg·L-1的CCl4和CHCl3污染所产生的微核率分别为:0.64%和0.40%,0.94%和0.55%,1.31%和0.95%,说明CCl4对细胞微核率的影响大于CHCl3对细胞核微核率的影响.表明用微核测试的方法分析环境中的污染物对生物体危害的程度是一种最便捷和有效的手段.     

Adaptive management of marine mega-fauna in a changing climate

Management of marine mega-fauna in a changing climate is constrained by a series of uncertainties, often related to climate change projections, ecological responses, and the effectiveness of strategies in alleviating climate change impacts. Uncertainties can be reduced over time through adaptive management. Adaptive management is a framework for resource conservation that promotes iterative learning-based decision making. To successfully implement the adaptive management cycle, different steps (planning, designing, learning and adjusting) need to be systematically implemented to inform earlier steps in an iterative way. Despite the critical role that adaptive management is likely to play in addressing the impacts of climate change on marine mega-fauna few managers have successfully implemented an adaptive management approach. We discuss the approaches necessary to implement each step of an adaptive management cycle to manage marine mega-fauna in a changing climate, highlighting the steps that require further attention to fully implement the process. Examples of sharks and rays (Selachimorpha and Batoidea) on the Great Barrier Reef and little penguins, Eudyptula minor, in south-eastern Australia are used as case studies. We found that successful implementation of the full adaptive management cycle to marine mega-fauna needs managers and researchers to: (1) obtain a better understanding of the capacity of species to adapt to climate change to inform the planning step; (2) identify strategies to directly address impacts in the marine environment to inform the designing step; and (3) develop systematic evaluation and monitoring programs to inform the learning step. Further, legislation needs to flexible to allow for management to respond.     

Fast transformation of roxarsone into toxic arsenic species with ferrous iron and tetrapolyphosphate

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Organoarsenic compounds have been widely used as feed additives in livestock and poultry breeding. They are excreted in manure and thus cause environmental...     

Efficient removal of cadmium ions from water by adsorption on a magnetic carbon aerogel

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Carbon aerogels are attracting much attention as adsorbents due to their high specific surface and large accessible pores. Herein, we describe a...     

Rice straw for energy and value-added products in China: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The rise of global waste and the decline of fossil fuels are calling for recycling waste into energy and materials. For example, rice straw, a by-product of rice...