石油加工过程硫转移分布及风险分析

以典型高硫原油加工炼厂为研究对象,选取常减压蒸馏装置、加氢处理装置、延迟焦化、催化裂化等硫化物处理量较大的装置进行硫转移分析,研究石油加工过程中硫迁移分布规律;以硫迁移分布规律为基础,结合各装置中硫的类型分布,分析各装置存在的主要风险,并提出控制建议,为各装置的风险管理提供依据。     

露天铁矿分区爆破振动监测与安全分析

对放马峪铁矿三个采矿场分区爆破的振动速度进行了监测,在剔除异常值后得到了106组三向振动的峰值速度,然后对三向振动速度分别进行回归分析。分析结果表明:放马峪铁矿采取的爆破分区方案是安全可行的,符合《爆破安全规程》(GB6722-2003)的规定;爆破振动的三相回归公式中K值较小、α值较大,说明了毫秒延时爆破能够加快地震波的能量耗散,从而起到干扰降振的作用;同一次爆破中,爆破振动速度的垂直向分量不一定总是最大,在评价爆破振动产生的破坏时,不应单一选取爆破振动速度的垂直分量作为评判标准,而应选择建构筑物所处位置振动速度分量中的最大值。     

尾矿坝变形规律的灰色Verhulst预测

尾矿坝变形规律预测是矿山尾矿库安全技术管理的重要内容.尾矿坝的变形受多种因素的影响,其中有些因素是可知的,但有部分因素是不确定的,因此尾矿坝本身实际上是一个灰色系统.为了实现对尾矿坝变形趋势的预测,在充分认识尾矿库工程系统及坝体变形数据特性的基础上,采用灰色Verhulst模型对尾矿坝的变形进行预测,并结合某铁矿尾矿坝变形监测实际数据进行预测,模型精度满足要求,表明灰色Verhulst模型用于尾矿坝变形规律预测具有很好的适用性.     

内标法与外标法测定废气中挥发性有机化合物

目前采用热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法测定废气中挥发性有机化合物时多使用外标法。实验对比了内标法与外标法测定时存在的差异,发现大多数VOCs内标法的回收率均高于外标法,且内标法的相对标准偏差普遍小于外标法,内标法测定的准确度和精密度均优于外标法。内标法的标准曲线可使用更长时间,对于大量样品的测定非常有利;而外标法必须每次测定时重新绘制新曲线。故废气中VOCs测定工作推荐使用内标法定量。     

环境风下太阳能PV板对流散热特性实验研究

在实验室条件下,通过建立环境风道,采用电加热的方式,对PV板在环境风下的对流散热损失进行实验研究。考察倾角a、风向角θ、风速V以及热流密度q对PV板表面对流散热特性的影响,得到了不同条件下PV板表面平均对流热损失努谢尔特数Nu的变化规律。结果表明,在任意风向角下,当风速较小时,Nu对PV板倾角变化并不敏感,但是随着风速的增大,倾角对Nu的影响不断增大。当PV板在背风侧时,Nu随着倾角的增大有一个迅速减小的过程;此外,以风速1 m/s为转折点,低风速下Nu随风速的变化规律与高风速下明显不同。     

Impacts of emissions and meteorological changes on China’s ozone pollution in the warm seasons of 2013 and 2017

O₃ increment is mainly caused by changes in meteorology rather than emissions. Emission reduction is effective to reduce O₃ nationwide, especially in summer. Strengthened NO_x controls are necessary to meet the ambient O₃ standard. We have quantified the impacts of anthropogenic emissions reductions caused by the Air Pollution Control Action Plan and changes in meteorological fields between 2013 and 2017 on the warm-season O₃ concentration in China using a regional 3D chemical transport model. We found that the impact on daily maximum eight-hour (MDA8) O₃ concentration by the meteorological variation that mostly increased O₃ was greater than that from emission reduction, which decreased O₃. Specifically, the control measures implemented since 2013 in China have reduced SO₂, NO_x, PM_2.5, and VOC emissions by 33%, 25%, 30%, and 4% in 2017, while NH₃ emissions have increased by 7%. The changes in anthropogenic emissions lowered MDA8 O₃ by 0.4–3.7 ppb (0.8%–7.6%, varying by region and month), although MDA8 O₃ was increased slightly in some urban areas (i.e. North China) at the beginning/end of warm seasons. Relative to 2013, the average 2 m temperature in 2017 shows increments in North, North-east, East, and South China (0.34℃–0.83℃) and decreases in Central China (0.24℃). The average solar radiation shows increments in North, North-east, and South China (7.0–9.7 w/m²) and decreases in Central, South-west, and North-west China (4.7–10.3 w/m²). The meteorological differences significantly change MDA8 O₃ by -3.5–8.5 ppb (-8.2%–18.8%) with large temporal variations. The average MDA8 O₃ was slightly increased in North, North-east, East, and South China. The response surface model suggests that the O₃ formation regime transfers from NO_x-saturated in April to NO_x-limited in July on average in China.     

Mn2+协同过二硫酸钠电催化体系对茜素红与酸性蓝80的降解性能研究

以酸性蓝80(AB80)与茜素红(AR)配制的两种模拟染料废水为处理对象,分析Mn2+与过二硫酸钠(PDS)浓度、初始pH和电流密度等因素对Mn2+协同PDS电催化体系降解两种染料的影响,并探讨其降解机理.结果表明,该体系降解AR和AB80的最佳初始pH(3)和Mn2+摩尔浓度(40μmol/L)相同,AR比AB80更...     

CQDs/g-C3N4的制备及其光催化降解四环素性能

以三聚氰胺为原料,通过煅烧制得石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4),以柠檬酸和尿素作为碳量子点(CQDs)的碳源,采用水热法制备出CQDs/g-C3N4复合光催化材料.通过FESEM、FETEM、XRD、XPS、UV-vis对材料的形貌结构进行了表征,研究了其在可见光下降解盐酸四环素性能和机制.结果表明,CQDs的负载增强了材...     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of PCP-Na by a novel nano-PbO2 anode: degradation mechanism and toxicity assessment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aims at investigating the electrocatalytic oxidation of sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP-Na) using a novel nano-PbO2 powder anode. The...     

移动式环保公厕车防震抗风安全性研究

移动式环保公厕车工作地点范围广、环境复杂,且没有地基固定,要求其具有特别高的抗地震能力、抗风载变形能力。利用有限元仿真的方法,研究了移动式环保公厕车在不同地震载荷、风力载荷条件下的变形和应力状况,分析了地震载荷和风力载荷对移动式环保公厕车破坏程度和破坏机理,对比了单一载荷作用与复合载荷作用的区别,从而为移动式环保公厕车使用环境的选择、安全检查的合理安排等提供有力的参考依据。