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101.
In this paper, several studies were conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity of two pesticides, Imidacloprid and RH-5849, for earthworm (Eisenia fetida). Earthworms were exposed in different exposure systems to evaluate their acute toxicity and the genotoxicity of the two pesticides was evaluated by using the method of sperm deformity assessment, micronucleus test of root tip cells in Vicia faba, a mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test, and comet assay. LC(50) (interpolated concentration at which 50% mortality of test population occurs) for earthworms varied in different exposure systems. The results indicated that Imidacloprid was consistently more toxic than RH-5849 in all exposure systems. In this study, sperm deformity test was used to detect the potential adverse influences of pesticides on the reproduction of earthworms. The results demonstrated that significant induction of sperm deformity (p<0.01) and a dose-effect relationship displayed at Imidacloprid concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/kg dry soil. However, the sperm deformity frequency of groups exposed to RH-5849 did not show significant difference (p>0.05) from the control until the dose reached 100 mg/kg dry soil. The results of the V. faba micronucleus tests showed that micronuclei frequency of the exposed group did not show significant difference (p>0.05) from the control until the concentration of Imidacloprid and RH-5849 reached 100 mg/ml. The results of the mouse bone-marrow micronuclei test also indicate that two pesticides did not show significant effects (p>0.05) on the micronuclei frequency in mice bone-marrow cells until the dose reached 100 mg/kg for Imidacloprid and 300 mg/kg for RH-5849 (2/3 LD(50)). Although no genotoxicity was detected by using the micronucleus tests, the results of the comet assay showed that the two pesticides induce significant DNA damage (p<0.01) in earthworms and dose-effect relationships were displayed. The 'earthworm comet assay' is a rapid and sensitive way to screen chemicals or terrestrial environments for their DNA-damaging properties. 相似文献
102.
村镇建设中农村污水处理设施的选择 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
有机废弃物是村镇环境的主要污染源,污水处理已成为村镇建设中亟待解决的问题。受经济发展水平限制,常规的污水处理设施在村镇难以实施,为此必须采用适合村镇经济水平和管理水平的污水处理方式。针对村镇的实施条件,在对几类小型简易污水处理设施特点进行分析的基础上,提出在村镇建设中易推行结构简单、费用低廉、便于管理、实施方便的沼气发酵池和地埋式无动力污水处理设施,以初步解决村镇污水问题。 相似文献
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通过对全球100多个国家的环境指数比较研究发现,环境保护与民主水平之间的相关性存在统计学的显著性。民主水平无一例外地和5个不同环境评价指标之间的相关性具有明显的统计学显著性。这表明,民主水平的提高有助于促进环境治理、环境可持续发展,有利于降低人们对环境的破坏。为此,解决环境问题需要进行相应的政治体制改革,为环境可持续发展扫除政治方面的障碍。 相似文献
105.
广东南山花岗岩体位于陂头复式岩体西端,锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为158.1±1.8Ma,是燕山早期岩浆活动的产物.岩石化学特征显示岩体以高硅、富碱、贫Ca和Mg以及高TFeO/MgO、低CaO/Na2O为特征.其K2O/Na2O>1,A/NK=7.8~11.92,A/CNK=1.33~1.68,属过铝质碱性岩石.在稀土和微量元素组成上,岩石富含稀土元素(除明显的负Eu异常,δEu=0.09~0.16)以及Zr、Y、Th、U、Nb等高场强元素,贫Ba、Sr、Ti等,高10000x Ga/AI(比值大于2.6).在Zr、Nb、Ce、Y对10000×Ga/Al以及TFeO/MgO-SiO2等A型花岗岩多种判别图上,投影点主要落在A型花岗岩区,而与高分异的I、S型花岗岩明显不同.这些特征均指示,南山岩体具有铝质A型花岗岩的特点.通过Y-Nb-3Ga和Y-Nb-Ce构造环境判别图解将其进一步划分为A2型花岗岩,代表其形成于拉张的构造背景之下.本文在此研究基础上,认为南山花岗质岩浆可能形成于相对挤压的中侏罗世.而在晚侏罗世早期相对拉张的作用下,岩石圈减薄,软流圈地幔上涌,地壳的泥质岩和少量砂质岩受到幔源流体富集后发生部分熔融后上侵形成铝质A型花岗岩,且有较强的结晶分异作用. 相似文献
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108.
Qing Xia Deyang Kong Guoqiang Liu Qingguo Huang Aamr Alalewi Junhe Lu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(3):372-378
The removal of 17β-estradiol (E2) in laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling processes was systematically studied in this work. We focused on the influence of pH and natural organic matter (NOM) on the performance of the enzymatic treatment processes. It was found that the optimal pH for E2 removal was between 4 and 6. The removal of E2 was slightly inhibited in the presence of NOM. Enzymatic transformation of E2 was second-order in kinetics with first-order to both the concentrations of the enzyme and contaminant. Mass spectrum (MS) analysis suggested that coupling products were formed through radical-radical coupling mechanism. The results of this study demonstrated that laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling process could potentially serve as a treatment strategy to control steroid estrogens. 相似文献
109.
Chee Kong Yap Ahmad Ismail Franklin Berandah Edward Soon Guan Tan Siti Shapor Siraj 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(4):683-695
Green-lipped mussels, Perna viridis, were collected from the eastern and western parts of the Johore Straits in September 2004 and January 2005. Based on the heavy metal concentrations in the different soft tissues (gonad, foot, mantle, gills, muscle, and remaining soft tissues) of these mussel samples, the eastern part of the Johore Straits (which is divided into two portions by a causeway), recorded higher levels of bioavailability and contamination by Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn when compared to the western part, while Kg. Pasir Puteh in the eastern part was found to record the highest bioavailability and contamination by heavy metals. The use of different soft tissues of P. viridis as biomonitors of bioavailability and contamination by Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn in the semi-enclosed Johore Straits is proposed, since erroneous results due to spawning and the problem of defecation before dissection could be overcome. Hence, a more accurate interpretation of the bioavailability and contamination by heavy metals in coastal waters could be obtained. To our knowledge, this is the most detailed study on the bioavailability and contamination of heavy metals in the Johore Straits on the Malaysian side of the waterway carried out by using the different soft tissues and metal distribution based on the Mussel Watch approach. 相似文献
110.
Isolated Trichoderma atroviride from Cu-polluted river sediment at the Serdang Industrial Area was studied under in vitro conditions to understand the mechanisms that allowed the fungi to thrive in the Cu-polluted freshwater ecosystem. From this study, adsorption was recognized as the main mechanism of Cu tolerance with 50–85% adsorption during the in vitro experiment. The uptake capacity of the isolate in liquid medium ranged from 0.8 to 11.2 mg g?1 in the potato dextrose broth medium with increasing Cu concentrations from 25 to 300 mg L?1. It was found that 2.7–5.0% of Cu was lost due to washing. The high percentage of Cu adsorption and the high uptake capacity of Cu by T. atroviride suggest that it is a potential bioremediator of Cu. However, further studies are needed to confirm its practical use as a bioremediating agent for Cu under field conditions. 相似文献