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51.
作为洞庭湖一级支流,澧水对洞庭湖乃至长江水系鱼类资源的维持或补充有着重要作用。为了了解澧水的鱼类资源现状,于2010年4月~2011年12月,对湖南境内澧水水系鱼类资源进行调查。共采集鉴定鱼类95种(包括1种湖南鱼类新纪录,4种外来种),隶属于8目19科59属。种类组成以鲤科鱼类为主,占5053%。多样性分析表明,澧水不同江段鱼类群落多样性处于较好或丰富状态,在空间分布上,鱼类物种数按上、中、下游依次增加,多样性指数也呈上升趋势且差异显著(P<005)。相似性及聚类分析表明,澧水鱼类群落可分为3个类群,即:上、中、下游类群;上游与中游类群为中等相似,与下游类群为中等不相似,中游与下游类群相似性总体小于与上游类群相似性。澧水鱼类在洄游、摄食、栖息习性等生态类型上呈现多样化特征。调查江段渔获物组成虽存在差异,但主要以鲤、鲫、翘嘴鲌、蒙古鲌、鲇、黄颡鱼、[XCz1.tif;%85%85,JZ]、银鮈、中华花鳅、子陵吻鰕虎鱼等湖泊定居性或山溪流水性[JP3]鱼类为主,“四大家鱼”等洄游性鱼类所占比例极低,鱼类小型化现象明显,原因分析主要与水工建设和过度捕捞有关。[ 相似文献
52.
基于1995~2010武汉城市圈城乡路网空间数据,综合运用复杂网络理论、动力系统理论及现代控制理论等多学科的方法和理论,采取随机故障和蓄意侵略两种攻击策略及多种评价指标,通过建立动力学演化模型并进行模拟仿真,揭示武汉城市圈城乡道路网的空间稳定性:(1)因分布相对均匀,节点连接随机多样,在面临随机攻击时,武汉城市圈城乡路网体现出“类随机性”,抗攻击能力强;(2)高度节点、高介数节点失效时,引致的城乡路网效率和结构变化程度不一,高介数节点失效往往更容易导致路网破碎和效率降低(形成众多子图);(3)桥梁和高速成为整个圈域城乡路网的关键边,不同桥梁或高速路段相对网络稳定性的重要程度不一样:圈域中心城区的大桥和二桥、南北向的京港澳、大广高速成为整个城乡路网的关键路径 相似文献
53.
接枝淀粉高分子絮凝剂的合成及其应用 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
本文研究了Ce(Ⅳ)/HNO3引发体系下,丙烯酰胺──淀粉接枝共聚合反应的影响因素及最佳工艺条件,由此得到的接枝淀粉接技效率达到94.9%,支链分子量超过300万.对多种工业污水絮凝处理结果表明,CODcr去除率、污泥沉降速度均不逊于聚丙烯酰胺300万产品. 相似文献
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尾矿坝地质生态环境风险防护措施分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
尾矿坝的环境风险主要是发生溃坝后对生态环境、水环境造成的不良影响。发生溃坝事故的根源是尾矿坝存在隐患,主要原因有先天因素和后天因素两种,先天因素主要有:尾矿坝建设前期工作中,对自然条件了解不够、尾矿坝设计不当、尾矿坝施工质量不良等;后天因素主要是在尾矿坝生产运行中,由不具备专业知识的人员管理,未按设计要求或有关规定执行。因此,预防溃坝的环境风险防护措施,要从防洪设计、增强坝体稳定性及加强管理等方面进行。 相似文献
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Rakocevic-Nedovic J Hollert H 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(3):146-152
Background, Aims and Scope Phytoplankton, as a first step in trophic cascades of lakes, can be a good indicator of trophic states, considering that every environmental change affects this community and many species of this community are sensitive to changes, and that they response very quickly. In this study, we tried to assess and predict the trophic state of Lake Skadar according to phytoplankton data.Methods Water samples were collected using Ruttner sampling bottle. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, ph, conductivity and transparence were measured in situ using portable equipment. Nutrients and chlorophyll a were measured using standard spectrophotometric methods. A determination of phytoplankton species was performed using relevant keys and the counting of cells was performed using sedimentation methods.Results and Discussion The species composition of Lake Skadar revealed 95 taxa, with Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae being represented best. According to an average chlorophyll a concentration of 5.9 µg/l, Lake Skadar belongs to the mesotrophic level of the trophic scale. Developed prediction equation for chlorophyll a revealed a good prediction (R2=0.71) and the parameter Secchi depth was primarily correlated with chlorophyll a concentration. Trophic state indices derived from chlorophyll a and transparency, were close together, but both were below the phosphorous index. Values of trophic state indices rank the Lake Skadar as being mesotrophic. This study also showed that indices of diversity based on phytoplankton are weak indicators of trophic status and that they can well characterize only differences between assemblages and associations. According to calculated saprobic indices (ranging from 1.5 to 2.15), Lake Skadar is on betamesosaprobic level of saprobity, which means that it is moderately polluted with organic compounds. Conclusions Total phosphorus is not the main limiting factor for the phytoplankton community in Lake Skadar. Disagreements between chlorophyll and the transparency index, on the one hand, and the total phosphorus index, on the other, suggest that the phytoplankton in Lake Skadar is probably limited by other factors than phosphorus, such as nitrogen, toxic substances or intense zooplankton grazing. According to the majority of investigated parameters and indices derived from phytoplankton data, Lake Skadar is mesotrophic, with tendencies toward eutrophic levels during the summer period. Recommendations and Outlook Long-term monitoring is required for a better estimation of state and the conditions of Lake Skadar. Further studies on factors influencing the phytoplankton community, especially zooplankton grazing and toxic substances, which were not included in this study, should be continued in the future to improve the efficiency of phytoplankton usage in estimating the ecological and trophic conditions of Lake Skadar. 相似文献
60.
阿特拉津降解菌的生长规律及降解特征的实验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用了从农药厂阿特拉津生产车间污泥中分离出的菌种AT菌,进行了菌种生长曲线的测定,求得AT菌的对数期代时为3.87d,生长速率为0.258d^-1;不同基质浓度的降解实验表明,在农药污染质阿特拉津的低浓度体系中,AT菌降解阿特拉津的反应符合一级动力学模式,属于米氏方程曲线的第一阶段的情形,并拟合出关系式V=0.064S。 相似文献