人与非洲猎豹相处的日子

我从路华汽车里小心翼翼地滑出来，带着大型摄影机以及各式各样的器材，这可不是件容易的事。     

Fluid Mechanics of Biological Surfaces and their Technological Application

 A survey is given on fluid-dynamic effects caused by the structure and properties of biological surfaces. It is demonstrated that the results of investigations aiming at technological applications can also provide insights into biophysical phenomena. Techniques are described both for reducing wall shear stresses and for controlling boundary-layer separation. (a) Wall shear stress reduction was investigated experimentally for various riblet surfaces including a shark skin replica. The latter consists of 800 plastic model scales with compliant anchoring. Hairy surfaces are also considered, and surfaces in which the no-slip condition is modified. Self-cleaning surfaces such as that of lotus leaves represent an interesting option to avoid fluid-dynamic deterioration by the agglomeration of dirt. An example of technological implementation is discussed for riblets in long-range commercial aircraft. (b) Separation control is also an important issue in biology. After a few brief comments on vortex generators, the mechanism of separation control by bird feathers is described in detail. Self-activated movable flaps (=artificial bird feathers) represent a high-lift system enhancing the maximum lift of airfoils by about 20%. This is achieved without perceivable deleterious effects under cruise conditions. Finally, flight experiments on an aircraft with laminar wing and movable flaps are presented.     

硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠对长春花细胞悬浮生长的影响

研究了硒化合物对长春花(C.roseus)细胞悬浮生长的影响.在pH5.5培养介质中,当Se(Ⅵ)>0.5ppm或Se(Ⅳ)>0.6ppm时,将抑制C.roseus细胞悬浮生长,其致死浓度分别是100ppm Se(Ⅵ)和2.0ppm Se(Ⅳ).C.roseus对硒化合物有效强的富集作用.硒化合物的毒性和培养介质的pH值有关.在本试验条件下,硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠对Hg~(2+)无拮抗作用.     

元古宙海水的稳定同位素组成发生过大的变化了吗?

古元古代罗克内斯特组(1.93～1.89Ga)的海相碳酸盐相对于较年轻且形成于类似沉积环境的新元古代海相碳酸盐大量亏损δ~(18)O(约8‰)。广海海相组分的同位素数据叠加了两种同位素趋势。第一种趋势包括早期潮坪沉积物的稳定化作用,以及富δ~(18)O蒸发孔隙流体可能发生的回流型白云岩化作用。对于在同位素成分上δ~(18)O值较低的第二种趋势,它是广海海相与大气降水(混合带)接触或在埋藏的较高温度条件下白云岩化作用期间形成的,由此导致了块状孔隙吸留胶结物的沉淀。 最富集同位素的鲕粒均为保存最好的标准海相组分,因而可能表明海水的δ~(18)O值在1.9Ga时约为-9.75‰±1.0‰(SMOW)。为了解释所推论的海水δ~(18)O值在1.9～1.0Ga期间存在8‰的正向漂移,海水的这一组成要求在高温下海水与玄武岩之间存在氧同位素交换平衡以及低温风化作用有过较大的变化。很可能亏损的δ~(18)O值表明在1.9Ga时表层海水具有大约30～35°C的较高温度。其重碳同位素δ~(13)C值为+1.75‰,比先前根据全岩数据所报道的新元古代海水更富集δ~(13)C。     

Concurrency: a system design approach to environmental management and sustainability

The lessons of history indicate that mismanagement of natural resources and the environment often leads to potentially adverse consequences.The increasing interest in economic development,particularly in the developing countries of the world coupled with increasing population pressures and the globalization of economic activity is placing noticeable stresses on the ultimate sustainability of both human and environmental systems.Sustainable development is not a new concept.It has been an area of concern for different elements of society for some time.Yet efforts to understand the implications of sustainable development have not,until recently,been formalized.We have focused singularly on economic development and environmental quality as if they were mutually exclusive.This paper focuses on the concept of concurrency as both a conceptual framework and practicable method of understanding and implementing the ecology and economy of sustainability.     

整体管理助推可持续发展

艾伦·雪柏利(Allan Savory)的整体管理理论提出,"影响草场的首要因素不是牲畜头数,而是植被暴露于牲畜的时间".据数千家牧场推广整体放牧计划模式的经验证明,一些曾被作是"超载过牧"的牧场实为"缺载过牧","放牧过度"的草场实为"放牧不足".以减少牲畜作为保护草场唯一手段的管理模式理应被淘汰.     

测定岩石、矿物及有关材料中SiO_2的准确分光光度法

<正> SiO_2是岩石、矿物和有关材料中的主要组分,经常需要准确测定。用于测定SiO_2的分光光度法主要有两种,即应用黄色钼硅酸络合物的方法和应用钼兰络合物的方法。 黄色络合物不大灵敏。同时基于黄色钼硅酸络合物的方法还存在由于形成混合的钼硅酸而造成的不稳     

世界水电能源的发展状况

近几十年来,水力发电得到了稳步发展,并将继续发展下去。水电能源系统与其它大型能源系统的区别在于发电并不是唯一目的,它还包括灌溉、航运、防洪、开展旅游业使野生生物增多以及提供生活和工业用水等项目的。现在的宗旨是制定全面规划,充分利用河流水力资源包括水力发电,开发大型的水力资源     

粉末矿物的可见—近红外光谱特性

本文的目的是为回答“在粉末矿物的光谱中,造成特定波长上出现的特性的原因是什么?”这个问题提供必要的知识。 有关矿物的可见-近红外(从0.325到2.5μ)光谱(VNIR)已有大量的资料,但就作者所知还没有那个地方将这些研究结果汇集起来并加以归纳,以便迅速地为那些对     

净化后的城市污水与工业废水在生产中的利用

在建立工厂企业、工业联合公司和地区性的闭路给水系统时,应考虑在生产中利用经过净化的城市与工业污水。但由此产生了一系列问题:第一,这些水最适用于哪些目的?第二,净化水的质量应满足哪些要求?第三,通过哪些手段能使水质符合要求?