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41.
Hafiz Abdullah Shakir Javed Iqbal Qazi Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):9705-9715
We assessed the impact of urban effluents on the concentrations of selected minerals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Mn, Ni, and Hg) in river Ravi before and after its passage through Lahore city. Water and sediment samples were collected from three lowly to highly polluted downstream sites (Shahdera (B), Sunder (C), and Balloki (D)) alongside the least polluted upstream site (Siphon (A)) during high and low river flow seasons. All the mineral concentrations increased up to site C but stabilized at site D, showing some recovery as compared to the third sampling site. The trend of mean mineral concentration was significantly higher during the low than the high flow season at all the sites. The mean Hg concentrations approached 0.14 and 0.12 mg/l at site A which increased (%) up to 107 and 25 % at site B, 1,700 and 1,317 % at site C, and 1,185 and 1,177 % at site D during low and high river flows, respectively. All mineral concentrations were much higher in the sediment than the water samples. Mean Cd (917 %), Cr (461 %), Cu (300 %), Fe (254 %), Pb (179 %), Zn (170 %), Mn (723 %), Ni (853 %), and Hg (1,699 %) concentrations were higher in riverbed sediments sampled from site C in comparison with the sample collected at site A during low flow season. The domestic and industrial discharges from Lahore city have created undesirable water qualities during the low river flow season. As majority of the mineral levels in the river Ravi were higher than the permissible and safe levels, this is of immediate concern for riverine fish consumers and the users of water for recreation and even irrigation. The use of these waters may pose health risks, and therefore, urgent intervention strategies are needed to minimize river water pollution and its impact on fish-consuming communities of this study area and beyond. 相似文献
42.
Jianlin Hu Qi Ying Jianjun Chen Abdullah Mahmud Zhan Zhao Shu-Hua Chen Michael J. Kleeman 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(2):215-226
Comparisons were made between three sets of meteorological fields used to support air quality predictions for the California Regional Particulate Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) winter episode from December 15, 2000 to January 6, 2001. The first set of fields was interpolated from observations using an objective analysis method. The second set of fields was generated using the WRF prognostic model without data assimilation. The third set of fields was generated using the WRF prognostic model with the four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) technique. The UCD/CIT air quality model was applied with each set of meteorological fields to predict the concentrations of airborne particulate matter and gaseous species in central California. The results show that the WRF model without data assimilation over-predicts surface wind speed by ~30% on average and consequently yields under-predictions for all PM and gaseous species except sulfate (S(VI)) and ozone(O3). The WRF model with FDDA improves the agreement between predicted and observed wind and temperature values and consequently yields improved predictions for all PM and gaseous species. Overall, diagnostic meteorological fields produced more accurate air quality predictions than either version of the WRF prognostic fields during this episode. Population-weighted average PM2.5 exposure is 40% higher using diagnostic meteorological fields compared to prognostic meteorological fields created without data assimilation. These results suggest diagnostic meteorological fields based on a dense measurement network are the preferred choice for air quality model studies during stagnant periods in locations with complex topography. 相似文献
43.
Planetary Stewardship in an Urbanizing World: Beyond City Limits 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sybil P. Seitzinger Uno Svedin Carole L. Crumley Will Steffen Saiful Arif Abdullah Christine Alfsen Wendy J. Broadgate Frank Biermann Ninad R. Bondre John A. Dearing Lisa Deutsch Shobhakar Dhakal Thomas Elmqvist Neda Farahbakhshazad Owen Gaffney Helmut Haberl Sandra Lavorel Cheikh Mbow Anthony J. McMichael Joao M. F. deMorais Per Olsson Patricia Fernanda Pinho Karen C. Seto Paul Sinclair Mark Stafford Smith Lorraine Sugar 《Ambio》2012,41(8):787-794
Cities are rapidly increasing in importance as a major factor shaping the Earth system, and therefore, must take corresponding responsibility. With currently over half the world’s population, cities are supported by resources originating from primarily rural regions often located around the world far distant from the urban loci of use. The sustainability of a city can no longer be considered in isolation from the sustainability of human and natural resources it uses from proximal or distant regions, or the combined resource use and impacts of cities globally. The world’s multiple and complex environmental and social challenges require interconnected solutions and coordinated governance approaches to planetary stewardship. We suggest that a key component of planetary stewardship is a global system of cities that develop sustainable processes and policies in concert with its non-urban areas. The potential for cities to cooperate as a system and with rural connectivity could increase their capacity to effect change and foster stewardship at the planetary scale and also increase their resource security. 相似文献
44.
Treatment of tannery wastewater in a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland system in Bangladesh 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper reports the pollutant removal performances of a hybrid wetland system in Bangladesh for the treatment of a tannery wastewater. The system consisted of three treatment stages: a subsurface vertical flow (VF) wetland, followed by a horizontal flow (HF) and a VF wetland. The wetlands were planted with common reed (Phragmites australis), but employed different media, including organic coco-peat, cupola slag and pea gravel. In the first stage, experimental results demonstrated significant removal of ammonia (52%), nitrate (54%), BOD (78%), and COD (56%) under high organics loading rate (690 g COD m−2 d−1); simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and organics degradation were attributed to the unique characteristics of the coco-peat media, which allowed greater atmospheric oxygen transfer for nitrification and organic degradation, and supply of organic carbon for denitrification. The second stage HF wetland produced an average PO4 removal of 61%, primarily due to adsorption by the iron-rich cupola slag media. In the third treatment stage, which was filled with gravel media, further BOD removal (78%) from the tannery wastewater depleted organic carbon, causing the accumulation of NO3 in the wastewater. Overall, the average percentage removals of NH3-N, NO3-N, BOD, COD, and PO4 were 86%, 50%, 98%, 98% and 87%, respectively, across the whole hybrid system. The results provided a strong evidence to support widespread research and application of the constructed wetland as a low-cost, energy-efficient, wastewater treatment technology in Bangladesh. 相似文献
45.
Mert Mehmet Bölük Gülden Çağlar Abdullah Emre 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(21):21495-21510
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study estimated unbalanced panel data analysis to investigate the relationship among CO2 emissions, GDP, renewable and non-renewable energy... 相似文献
46.
Azlan Kamari Norjan Yusof Hanisom Abdullah Akira Haraguchi Mohd Fahami Abas 《Chemistry and Ecology》2017,33(7):637-651
The concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn were analysed in water, sediment, muscle of climbing perch fish (Anabas testudineus), and tissue of water hyacinth plants (Eichhornia crassipes) collected from a former tin-mining pond in Perak, Malaysia. The monitoring was performed during the minimum and maximum rainfall periods. The concentrations of As, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in water exceeded the permissible limits set by the Interim National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (INWQS). The risk index (RI) values determined for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in sediment presented a low degree of ecological risk. The order of the top three heavy metals measured in fish muscle was Zn?>?Fe?>?Al. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of As and Cr exceeded the allowable limits in both rainfall periods. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) values of Zn in water hyacinth were 24.865 and 3.214, respectively. The concentrations of Cu and Zn in the plant tissue were significantly correlated (p?<?.05) with the concentrations of heavy metals in water. Overall, climbing perch and water hyacinth are excellent bioindicators of environmental impacts on water bodies. 相似文献
47.
Masturi Mikrajuddin Abdullah Khairurrijal 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(3):225-231
Simple mixing and hot pressing methods were used to make composites from home waste—in particular, paper and dry leaves—using
polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) as an adhesive and silica nanoparticles as filler. The optimum composition for the strongest composites,
in terms of compressive strength, had a mass ratio of silica nanoparticles/PVAc/(paper + dry leaves) of 3:80:280. With this
mass ratio, a compressive strength of 68.50 MPa was obtained for samples prepared at a pressing temperature of 150°C, pressing
pressure of 100 MPa, and pressing time of 20 min. The addition of silica nanoparticles increased the compressive strength
by about 50%, compared with composites made without the addition of nanosilica (45.60 MPa). Higher compressive strength was
obtained at a higher pressing pressure. At a pressing pressure of 120 MPa, pressing temperature of 150°C, and pressing time
of 20 min, a compressive strength of 69.10 MPa was obtained. When the pressing time was increased to 45 min at a pressing
pressure of 120 MPa, a compressive strength of 84.37 MPa was measured. A model was also proposed to explain the effects of
pressing pressure and pressing time on compressive strength. The model predictions were in good agreement with the experimental
data. 相似文献
48.
Haruno Subianto Bebeh W. Nuryadin Khairurrijal Hernawan Mahfudz Nur Dananjaya Mikrajuddin Abdullah 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2013,15(2):210-217
A new method for decomposing organic pollutants in water is proposed. First, we used less pure titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles as a photocatalyst material to achieve an absorption band that would be as wide as the spectrum for visible sunlight. The TiO2 particles were coated onto the surface of transparent plastic fibers and used to decompose test solutions of rhodamine that were placed in open sunlight for several days. We observed an effective decomposition, and after completing the decomposition process, the fibers could be removed easily from the cleaned water leaving no TiO2 in the water. Because there was no significant change in the elemental composition of the fiber surface after being used for cleaning the water, the coated fiber can be used repeatedly. 相似文献
49.
Multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of seasonal variations in surface water quality of pasture ecosystems 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Majid Ajorlo Ramdzani B. Abdullah Mohd Kamil Yusoff Ridzwan Abd. Halim Ahmad Husni Mohd. Hanif Walter D. Willms Mahboubeh Ebrahimian 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(10):8649-8658
This study investigates the applicability of multivariate statistical techniques including cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA), and factor analysis (FA) for the assessment of seasonal variations in the surface water quality of tropical pastures. The study was carried out in the TPU catchment, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The dataset consisted of 1-year monitoring of 14 parameters at six sampling sites. The CA yielded two groups of similarity between the sampling sites, i.e., less polluted (LP) and moderately polluted (MP) at temporal scale. Fecal coliform (FC), NO3, DO, and pH were significantly related to the stream grouping in the dry season, whereas NH3, BOD, Escherichia coli, and FC were significantly related to the stream grouping in the rainy season. The best predictors for distinguishing clusters in temporal scale were FC, NH3, and E. coli, respectively. FC, E. coli, and BOD with strong positive loadings were introduced as the first varifactors in the dry season which indicates the biological source of variability. EC with a strong positive loading and DO with a strong negative loading were introduced as the first varifactors in the rainy season, which represents the physiochemical source of variability. Multivariate statistical techniques were effective analytical techniques for classification and processing of large datasets of water quality and the identification of major sources of water pollution in tropical pastures. 相似文献
50.
Shaista Nawaz Saeed Ahmad Nagra Yasar Saleem Amit Priydarshi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,167(1-4):461-471
The untreated industrial and sewage wastes arising from industries and metropolitan activities make their passage to the River Ravi, Pakistan, where Balloki Headworks is one of the major sites of effluent concentration. This study was designed to evaluate the concentration of various toxic elements in fishes of that area compared to a nearby fish farm. The concentrations of heavy metals, such as As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn, and electrolytes Ca, K, and Na were determined in different edible and non-edible fresh water fish varieties. Fish samples were collected from two selected sites and were analyzed for aforementioned elements. Higher levels of As (35.74–45.33 ppm), Cd (0.35–0.45 ppm), Pb (2.1–3.0 ppm), Hg (83.03–92.35 ppm) while normal levels of Zn (37.85–40.74 ppm) and Cu (1.39–2.93 ppm) were observed. Mercury, higher levels of which trigger cough, impairment of pulmonary function, and psychotic reactions, was significantly higher in all studied categories. At the sites under study, there has been observed alarming levels of toxic metals which are needed to be monitored regularly. 相似文献