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排序方式: 共有283条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
海洋资源环境承载能力研究是解决经济发展与海洋资源环境保护之间矛盾的关键。本研究引入边际报酬递减理论和短板理论,从广义的社会发展需求和狭义的资源环境底线约束两方面来构建海洋资源环境承载能力评价理论框架和方法体系,并以大连长兴岛近岸海域为研究区开展实证研究。基于边际报酬递减理论,以资源环境开发的社会边际报酬为零作为资源环境承载能力阈值,开展广义的海洋资源环境承载能力评价;基于短板理论,以海域空间资源、海洋生态环境和无居民海岛资源环境三项要素作为基础指标,开展狭义的海洋资源环境承载能力评价;基于上述两方面的评价结果,开展综合承载能力评价。研究结果表明,2016年大连长兴岛近岸海域资源环境承载能力处于超载状态。短期来看,长兴岛近岸海域填海已超过最佳规模,因此对社会经济发展的促进作用较小。此外,人类开发利用活动已导致长兴岛近岸海域出现自然岸线严重丧失、海域过度开发和渔业资源难以持续等问题。 相似文献
42.
以接枝改性后的纤维素SCB为载体,采用液相还原法制备改性纤维素负载零价铁吸附剂ZVI-SCB,利用XRD、ESEM进行表征,并研究其对三氯甲烷(TCM)的去除性能.系统探讨了不同材料、ZVI-SCB投加量、TCM的初始质量浓度、pH值和氯离子质量浓度对TCM去除性能的影响.在ZVI-SCB投加量为5g/L,TCM的初始质量浓度为36.7mg/L,pH值为3.1时,TCM的去除率高达84.4%.采用准一级方程和准二级方程对ZVI-SCB去除TCM的过程进行拟合,准二级动力学方程相关系数R的范围为0.996~0.999,证明ZVI-SCB对TCM的去除过程符合二级动力学模型. 相似文献
43.
Chizuru Sasaki Ryosuke Okumura Ai Asakawa Chikako Asada Yoshitoshi Nakamura 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2012,14(3):234-240
This study investigated the production of d-lactic acid from unutilized sugarcane bagasse using steam explosion pretreatment. The optimal steam pressure for a steaming time of 5?min was determined. The steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse was hydrolyzed using cellulase (Meicelase) and then the hydrolyzate was subjected to fermentation substrate. By enzymatic saccharification using Meicelase, the highest recovery of glucose from raw bagasse, 73.7?%, was obtained at a steam pressure of 20?atm. For extracted residue with water after steam explosion, the glucose recovery increased up to 94.9?% at a steam pressure of 20?atm. These results showed that washing with water is effective in removing enzymatic reaction inhibitors. After steam pretreatment (steam pressure of 20?atm), d-lactic acid was produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii NBRC 3534 from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of steam-exploded bagasse and washed residue. The conversion rate of d-lactic acid obtained from the glucose concentration was 66.6?% for the hydrolyzate of steam-exploded bagasse without washing with water and 90.0?% for that derived from the extracted residue with water after steam explosion. These results also demonstrated that the hydrolyzate of steam-exploded bagasse (without washing with water) contains fermentation inhibitors and washing with water can remove them. 相似文献
44.
为了研究超细水雾对煤燃烧的抑制效果,基于小尺寸空间抑制燃烧实验平台,研究了超细水雾对煤燃烧的抑制效果,计算在超细水雾作用下实验空间内部氧气、二氧化碳、一氧化碳体积分数的变化情况以及燃烧空间内不同部位的温度变化情况,并且与煤自由燃烧的情况做对比。研究表明超细水雾对煤燃烧的火灾发展过程有很好的抑制作用。研究结论对超细水雾应用于熄灭矿井煤炭火灾具有一定的指导意义 相似文献
45.
Sijia Ai Hongyu Liu Mengjie Wu Guangming Zeng Chunping Yang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(6):3
Three acid-producing strains, AFB-1, AFB-2 and AFB-3, were isolated during this study, and their roles in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) were evaluated. Data of 16S rRNA method showed that AFB-1 and AFB-2 were Bacillus coagulans, and AFB-3 was Escherichia coli. The removal in terms of volatile solids (VS) and total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) was maximized at 42.7% and 44.7% by inoculating Bacillus coagulans AFB-1. Besides, the optimal inoculum concentration of Bacillus coagulans AFB-1 was 30% (v/v). Solubilization degree experiments indicated that solubilization ratios (SR) of WAS reached 20.8%±2.2%, 17.7%±1.48%, and 11.1%±1.53%. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentrations and compositions were also explored with a gas chromatograph. The results showed that VFAs improved by 98.5%, 53.0% and 11.6% than those of the control, respectively. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) experiments revealed that biogas production increased by 90.7% and 75.3% when inoculating with Bacillus coagulans AFB-1 and AFB-2. These results confirmed that the isolated acid-producing bacteria, especially Bacillus coagulans, was a good candidate for anaerobic digestion of WAS.
相似文献
46.
艾献立 《安全.健康和环境》2008,8(9)
相对于其它行业来讲,地震队在安全、健康、环保等各方面的压力都要大得多——这主要是因为地震勘探工作具有很大的特殊性。首先,作业环境特殊(山地森林、江河沼泽、沙漠丘陵等),极易引发各种事故;其二,作业方式特殊(爆破、震源等),容易对环境造成破坏;其三,作业性质特殊(风、雨、雪全天候24小时作业等),容易危害员工身心健康。所以如何做好HSE方面的工作,杜绝事故发生,减少环境污染,促进员工身心健康,保证安全生产顺利进行,就成了摆在地震队面前刻不容缓的一个大问题。 相似文献
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Chunxu Wu Lanfeng Li Hao Zhou Jing Ai Hongtao Zhang Jialin Tao Dongsheng Wang Weijun Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(2):340-352
This study aimed to explore the adsorption performance of sludge-based activated carbon (SBC) towards dissolved organic matters (DOMs) removal from sewage, and investigated the modification effect of different types of chemicals on the structure of synthesized SBC. Waste activated sludge (WAS) was used as a carbon source, and HCl, HNO3, and NaOH were used as different types of chemicals to modify the SBC. With the aid of chemical activation, the modified SBC showed higher adsorption performances on DOMs removal with maximum adsorption of 29.05 mg/g and second-order constant (k) of 0.1367 (L/mol/sec) due to the surface elution of ash and minerals by chemicals. The surface elemental composition of MSBC suggested that the content of C-C and C-O functional groups on the surface of modified sludge-based activated carbon (MSBC) played an important role on the adsorption capacities of MSBC towards DOMs removal in sewage. Additionally, the residual molecular weight of DOMs in sewage was investigated using a 3-dimension fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC). Results showed that the chemical modification significantly improved the adsorption capacity of MSBC on humic acids (HA) and aromatic proteins (APN), and both of NaOH-MSBC and HCl-MSBC were effective for a wide range of different AMW DOMs removal from sewage, while the HNO3-MSBC exhibited poorly on AMW organics of 2,617 Da and 409 Da due to the reducing content of macropore. In brief, this study provides reference values for the impact of the chemicals of the activation stage before the SBCs application. 相似文献
50.
Xu Xiaoyang Zhou Jihai Chen Kun Wang Yang Ai Yanmei Zhang Chenyang Zhou Shoubiao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(35):52483-52492
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cadmium (Cd) pollution has led to a serious deterioration in soil quality, plant growth, and human health. Therefore, restoration of soil quality is... 相似文献