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81.
西北地区雾霾风沙较大,环境保护形势严峻,在搭建西北地区物流网络过程中,要尽量降低物流排放,缩短物流路径,提高环境保护效果.提出一种物流资源属性组合配置的西北地区物流网络搭建模型,分析物流网络搭建与环境保护的关系,从静态属性和动态属性两部分出发进行物流网络搭建和网络拓扑控制,采用前向树状拓扑控制协议进行物流资源属性优化组合配置,降低物流资源损耗和污染物质排放量,实现节能减排,促进环境保护机制的有效形成.研究表明,通过对西北地区物流网络优化搭建,物流链路中的碳排放得到有效降低,提高了环境保护的效能. 相似文献
82.
水文气象因素对东南山区水库硅藻异常增殖的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
硅藻异常增殖是影响我国许多水库水质安全的生态灾害.为揭示水库硅藻异常增殖的影响因素,以我国东南丘陵地区大(Ⅱ)型水库天目湖沙河水库为例,基于8年逐月浮游植物群落结构及相关环境因子的监测,分析了硅藻(Bacillariophyta)及其优势属生物量与温度、降雨、水位、营养盐等环境因子之间的关系.结果表明,春季硅藻及其优势属的生物量主要受温度的影响,与水文、营养盐关系较弱;不同硅藻优势属与水温的关系差异较大:针杆藻(Synedra)的最佳生长温度为27℃,小环藻(Cyclotella)与曲壳藻(Achnanthes)的最佳生长温度为19℃,直链藻(Melosira)适合在低温下生长,生物量随温度升高而降低;硅藻生物量与环境因子的多元统计分析表明,硅藻总生物量、针杆藻和曲壳藻等优势属生物量峰值与降雨量显著性正相关(P0.05),小环藻生物量峰值与总磷、降雨量和水位显著性正相关,而与换水率显著性负相关,直链藻生物量峰值与总磷显著性正相关.年度硅藻峰值强度可以用降雨量强度和时间、冬春季的积温和溶解性总磷浓度等综合因素拟合预测.研究表明,对于我国东南丘陵山区中营养水平的水库而言,硅藻优势属的异常增殖事件受水文气象因素异常事件的影响较大,相比较而言对氮磷营养盐响应偏弱;在防控水库硅藻异常增殖灾害方面,除了积极开展流域营养盐削减措施之外,应当密切关注极端天气综合影响,采取相应的水文调节措施,开发切实有效的灾害预警技术. 相似文献
83.
Minghong Wu Chenjing Que Liang Tang Hui Xu Jiajia Xiang Jiajun Wang Wenyan Shi Gang Xu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(18):18055-18063
The project studied the occurrence, fate, and seasonal variation of 14 antibiotics, from five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai. The results indicated that ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and oxytetracycline were the predominant antibiotics, with maximum concentrations of 1208.20, 959.13, and 564.30 ng/L in influents, while 916.88, 106.60, and 337.81 ng/L in effluents, respectively. The level of antibiotics in WWTPs obviously varied with seasonal changes, and higher detectable frequencies and concentrations were found in winter. The daily mass loads per capita of amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, and oxytetracycline in the study were all higher than those in other regions/countries, such as Hong Kong, Australia, and Italy. The elimination of antibiotics through these WWTPs was incomplete, and a wide range of removal efficiencies during the different treatment process and seasons were observed (?500.56 to 100 % in winter and ?124.24 to 94.21 % in summer). Sulfonamides were relatively easy to be removed in WWTPs and the ultraviolet (UV) process can effectively improve the removal efficiency. Risk assessment of antibiotics in effluents was estimated. Only AMOX’s hazard quotient (HQ) was higher than 0.01. Even though the environmental risks in the study were estimated to be low, the potential negative effects on aquatic ecosystems should call our attention as continually discharge in the long term. 相似文献
84.
对脉冲变频电磁场作用下,扫描频率和磁感应强度的变化对水华鱼腥藻细胞活性和生长的影响进行了研究。结果显示,扫描频率从25~27 Hz增大到1~60 kHz时,磁场对藻细胞活性的抑制作用减小,但增大到60 kHz以上,磁场对藻细胞产生强烈抑制作用,累积水力停留时间4 min的藻样在48 h培养时间内已失去活性停止生长。扫描频率为50~100 Hz和1~60 kHz时,累积水力停留时间2 min的藻样,细胞受到磁场刺激生长加快;只有累积水力停留时间>6 min,才表现出对藻活性的抑制作用。磁感应强度增大至120 G,磁场对细胞活性产生明显抑制作用,增大磁感应强度有利于对细胞活性和生长的抑制。 相似文献
85.
Hong Liu Yixin Yan Wenyan Wang Yongyong Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2007,1(1):67-72
This work aims to explore a procedure to improve biological wastewater treatment efficiency using low intensity ultrasound. The aerobic activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was used as the experimental material. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) of the activated sludge (AS) was determined to indicate the changes of AS activity stimulated by ultrasound at 35 kHz for 0–40 min with ultrasonic intensities of 0–1.2 W/cm2. The highest OUR was observed at the ultrasonic intensity of 0.3 W/cm2 and an irradiation period of 10 min; more than 15% increase was achieved immediately after sonication. More significantly, the AS activity stimulated by ultrasound could last 24 h after sonication, and the AS activity achieved its peak value within 8 h after sonication, or nearly 100% higher than the initial level after sonication. Therefore, to improve the wastewater treatment efficiency of bioreactors, ultrasound with an intensity of 0.3 W/cm2 could be employed to irradiate a part of the AS in the bioreactor for 10 min every 8 h. 相似文献
86.
87.
PAULO M. MARTINS DA COSTA PAULO M. VAZ-PIRES FERNANDO M. BERNARDO 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):1393-1403
Antibiotimicrobial resistance was investigated in 537 Enterococcus spp. isolates recovered from 22 samples of crude inflow, treated effluent and sludge collected in wastewater treatment plants of eight poultry slaughterhouses of Portugal. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in the resistance to each antimicrobial agent with regards to the origin of the sample (inflow, sludge and effluent). Many of the isolates displayed resistance to tetracycline (85.7%), erythromycin (45.7%), nitrofurantoin (34.0%) and rifampicin (17.8%). Resistance was also observed, but to a lesser extent, to ciprofloxacin (10.2%), ampicillin (8.0%), chloramphenicol (4.6%), vancomycin (0.9%) and gentamicin (0.4%). Resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes was present in 37.1% of the isolates. Wastewater treatment resulted in viable enterococci decrease between less than 1 log and 4 log; nevertheless, more than 4.4 × 105 colony forming units (CFU)/100 mL were present in the outflow of the plants and thus resistant enterococci are not prevented from reaching the general environment. 相似文献
88.
89.
90.
亚热带东部壳斗科6种常绿植物叶的生态解剖 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
选取亚热带东部替代分布明显的壳斗科6种常绿树种(青冈,小叶青冈,细叶青冈,苦槠,甜槠和石乐)的11个种群叶片进行生态解剖,并用SPSS,DCA和TWINSPAN比较分析,结果表明:(1)尽管6种11个种群叶的结构仍属中生叶型,但有着不同程度的趋旱适应;(2)叶的解剖性状在属间,种间和种群间均存在着不同程度的差异,这是它们适应各自生境的结果,青冈和石栎的种内差异较大,反映出它们对环境变化有较强响应能力;(3)叶片的不同解剖性状在属,种类和种群间的变化并不同步,其中叶片和栅栏组织厚度等性状差异突出,反映它们更易受环境的饰变,是生态适应性状,而海,上角质膜,特别是下表皮厚度等性状差异较小,显示出这些性状的稳定性,可以认为是系统演化性状;(4)苦槠,青冈具有较厚的叶片,栅栏组织,角质膜和发达输导和机械组织,苦槠还具有复表皮,表现出对旱化生境的适应;甜槠尽管具有复表皮和较厚的叶片,但这是海绵组织增厚的结果,是对中生生境的适应;小叶青冈和细叶青冈具有较垢叶片和栅栏组织,角质膜厚度居中等特点,可能是对中山凉湿生境的。图版1图2表2参24 相似文献