Prenatal diagnosis of a de novo complex chromosomal rearrangement involving four chromosomes

A complex chromosome rearrangement, apparently a balanced translocation involving chromosomes 4,6, 15 and 16, was found in cultured cells of amniotic fluid from a 32–year-old primigravida who requested amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis because of a family history of mental retardation. Chromosome analysis of peripheral blood from both parents were normal. The couple was counselled for the prenatal diagnosis of this de novo complex translocation and, subsequently, elected to terminate the pregnancy. Post-mortem examination revealed a 23–week fetus with intrauterine growth retardation. The identical chromosome rearrangement was subsequently confirmed in cultured fibroblasts from skin and cord obtained from the abortus. To our knowledge, this is the first report where routine prenatal diagnosis revealed a fetus with a balanced complex chromosomal rearrangement involving four chromosomes of de novo origin.     

土壤可蚀性及其在侵蚀预报中的应用

土壤可蚀性是土壤侵蚀预报和土地利用规划的重要参数,国外已有物理意义明确、可操作性强、应用方便的土壤可蚀性定义和指标。国外的指标在我国不适用,而我国又没有这样的指标。在系统全面查阅和分析６０多年来已有研究成果的基础上,根据我国具体情况,提出我国土壤可蚀性指标的定义和测定方法,即在１５°坡度、２０ｍ坡长、清耕休闲地上,单位降雨侵蚀力所引起的土壤流失量。这一标准的确定对规范土壤可蚀性实验研究,促进我国土壤侵蚀预报模型的建立有重要意义     

胶州湾石油烃污染物环境容量计算

根据石油烃污染物在多介质海洋环境中分布动力学模型建立了胶州湾海域石油烃污染物海洋自净容量(SPCo)计算方法。模型运行表明，该模型可以很好地模拟胶州湾海水中石油烃污染物年均浓度的年际变化。根据该模型，分别计算了胶州湾石油烃污染物SPCo，以及在不同海水水质标准条件下胶州湾石油烃污染物标准自净容量(SPCo^(s))、环境容量(ECo)和剩余环境容量(SECo)。根据运算结果可以推断，今后胶州湾在保持一级海水水质标准条件下可再接纳200t左右石油烃污染物，在二级海水水质标准条件下可再接纳600t左右石油烃污染物。     

Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal in single-tank low-dissolved-oxygen systems under cyclic aeration.

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND or SNdN) may occur at low dissolved oxygen concentrations. In this study, bench-scale (approximately 6 L) bioreactors treating a continuous feed of synthetic wastewater were used to evaluate the effects of solids retention time and low dissolved oxygen concentration, under cyclic aeration, on the removal of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The cyclic aeration was carried out with repeated cycles of 1 hour at a higher dissolved oxygen concentration (HDO) and 30 minutes at a lower (or zero) dissolved oxygen concentration (LDO). Compared with aeration at constant dissolved oxygen concentrations, the cyclic aeration, when operated with proper combinations of HDO and LDO, produced better-settling sludge and more complete nitrogen and phosphorus removal. For nitrogen removal, the advantage resulted from the more readily available nitrate and nitrite (generated by nitrification during the HDO period) for denitrification (during the LDO period). For phosphorus removal, the advantage of cyclic aeration came from the development of a higher population of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms, as indicated by the higher phosphorus contents in the sludge solids of the cyclically aerated systems. Nitrite shunt was also observed to occur in the LDO systems. Higher ratios of nitrite to nitrate were found in the systems of lower HDO (and, to less dependency, higher LDO), suggesting that the nitrite shunt took place mainly because of the disrupted nitrification at lower HDO. The study results indicated that the HDO used should be kept reasonably high (approximately 0.8 mg/L) or the HDO period prolonged, to promote adequate nitrification, and the LDO kept low (< or =0.2 mg/L), to achieve more complete denitrification and higher phosphorus removal. The above findings in the laboratory systems find strong support from the results obtained in full-scale plant implementation. Two plant case studies using the cyclic low-dissolved-oxygen aeration for creating and maintaining SND are also presented.     

纳米ZnO光催化降解溴化乙锭(EB)的初步研究

对ZnO光催化降解溴化乙锭(EB)中的光源、反应介质、pH值、光催化剂用量、光照时间及氧化剂的加入等因素进行了考察.结果表明,在日光和紫外光照射下,EB都能得到较好的降解.在EB初始浓度50mg·l-1,pH 9的水溶液中,紫外光照射240min,ZnO(80mg)光催化降解EB的降解率可达到92.9%.     

不同河流水体颗粒物对硝化过程的影响

采用模拟实验的方法对比研究了长江和黄河水体颗粒物对硝化过程的影响.结果表明:(1)当颗粒物含量分别为0g·l-1和2g·l-1时,长江水样的平均硝化速率在前10d分别为0.21mg·l-1·d-1和0.70mg·l-1·d-1,黄河水样分别为0.18mg·l-1·d-1和0.32mg·l-1·d-1.采用Logistic模型对氨氮的硝化作用进行拟合发现,颗粒物含量为2 g·l-1时的硝化速率常数均显著高于无颗粒物存在时的硝化速率常数,说明有颗粒物存在时的硝化过程较快.(2)有颗粒物存在时,水体氨化细菌、亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌的数量均显著高于无颗粒物存在的水体,而且长江水样中各种菌的数量明显高于黄河水样.(3)长江水样中氨氮的平均硝化速率和硝化速率常数明显大于黄河,这是由于长江水样较高的细菌浓度水平和两条河流颗粒物不同的理化性质所导致.     

略谈奎河的水环境保护与水资源利用

依据奎河水污染的现状和国家对奎河水质要求达到的目标以及奎河流域的经济状况，提出了整治奎河河道及沿岸环境、开发利用奎河水资源，引奎河水入徐沙河，既用于航运又供农田灌溉的奎河水污染综合治及奎河水资源利用方案。除雨季和特大洪灾，奎河污水将不再进入安徽省，较好地解决了奎河的跨省污染问题。     

天然水体底质中Mn元素含量采样和分析质量控制研究

利用采样和分析全程质量控制程序(SAX),对于吉林省内7个天然水体底质中Mn元素的采样和分析过程进行了质量控制(QC)实例研究.实验采用了平行采样平行分析的设计方案,并进行了空白实验、重复测定和加标回收率的测定.然后利用稳健方差分析(Robust ANOVA)计算了采样分析全过程中的地理方差、采样方差和分析方差,并对整个质控过程按照适目的性原则进行了评价.通过本文的研究以及其他工作成果,可知评价中采用的比例限值标准在一般意义下的SAX过程中是行之有效的.但是,也应注意到该限值标准不是绝对的,在具体的实验设计中需要考虑多方面因素.     

鱼体内EROD活性对多氯联苯类的指示作用

运用鱼体肝脏中的EROD(7 ethoxyresorufin O deethylase)活性作为生态标记物 ,来指示大连近海部分水域的多氯联苯 (PCBs)类物质的污染状况。结果表明鱼体肝脏内的EROD活性可被PCBs诱导 ,导致活性异常增高 ,并与环境中特定污染物浓度之间存在着定量响应关系 ,EROD的这个特性可以用来评估海洋生态环境健康并作为预警指标。我们选取大连近海水域部分具有代表性的站位 ,分析测定其鱼样中EROD活性 ,并结合环境化学指标进行综合分析 ,证明将EROD作为指示多氯联苯类污染物的生态标记物是切实可行的 ,该方法在海洋环境监测中具有实际应用价值。     

关帝山不同海拔土壤碳矿化和微生物特征

以山西省关帝山不同海拔的8个样地土壤为研究对象,分析不同海拔土壤碳氮含量、土壤碳矿化和细菌、真菌、放线菌、固氮菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌6类微生物量的变化.结果表明,海拔为2163m时,土壤有机碳和活性碳1（LC1）最高,分别为74.41和6.72g/kg,在海拔2700m总氮含量最高为6.54g/kg.土壤碳矿化累积量和碳矿化速率因海拔的升高而显著增加（P<0.05）,土壤碳矿化累积量和活性碳2（LC2）之间有显著正相关.土壤细菌、放线菌和固氮菌的数量在海拔为1791m时最高,分别为3.41×10⁶、1.90×10⁶和1.21×10⁶个/g,细菌、真菌、放线菌和固氮菌的数量随着海拔的升高而逐渐下降,与海拔之间呈显著负相关;相反,硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量却逐渐增加,在海拔为2700m时最高,分别为1.37×10⁴和6.02×10³个/g,它们与海拔和总氮之间的关系呈显著正相关（P<0.01）.总之,土壤有机碳、总氮、碳矿化累积量、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌随海拔显著增加,而细菌、真菌、放线菌和固氮菌随海拔的变化呈相反的趋势.