Land cover effects on water balance partitioning in the Colombian Andes: improved water availability in early stages of natural vegetation recovery

Regional Environmental Change - Vegetation actively affects different components of the water budget in multiple spatial and temporal scales. Changes in vegetation cover and structure—such as...     

遥感降水产品在澜沧江流域径流模拟中的适用性研究

以澜沧江流域为研究区域,基于实测降水数据,从日尺度、月尺度到年尺度分别评价了TRMM 3B42 V7、CMORPH CRT、TRMM 3B42 RT、PERSIANN 4种遥感降水产品在格网尺度上的精度,并用实测降水数据和筛选出的精度较高的遥感降水产品驱动SWAT模型进行了径流模拟,以进一步探究遥感降水产品在澜沧江流域的适用性。结果表明：4种遥感降水产品在日尺度上精度都不高,与实测降水的相关系数都低于0.5。从整体看,TRMM 3B42 V7精度最高,月、年尺度下与实测降水的相关系数依次为0.95、0.90,CMORPH CRT精度稍低于TRMM 3B42 V7,其在月、年尺度下与实测降水的相关系数依次为0.89、0.77,TRMM 3B42 RT和PERSIANN精度较差,两者在不同时间尺度下与实测降水的相关系数都较低,基本都维持在0.5以下;径流模拟结果发现TRMM 3B42 V7和CMORPH CRT两种遥感降水产品对流域出口断面日、月径流模拟的能力均不如实测降水,但整体上三者都能够较好地反映出实测径流变化的趋势,三者径流模拟对应的纳西效率系数NS在0.65~0.94范围内;从纳西效率系数NS看,三者对应的数值相差幅度极小,从多年平均径流RE看,三者都表现出低估的情形,但与前两者（低估值在 -4%~-10% 范围内）相比,CMORPH CRT（低估值在 -10%~-20% 范围内）低估的幅度较大;TRMM 3B42 V7在整体上的径流模拟效果优于CMORPH CRT,在澜沧江流域具有更好的径流模拟适用性。     

Analyzing the Variability of Remote Sensing and Hydrologic Model Evapotranspiration Products in a Watershed in Michigan

The goal of this paper was to statistically explore the spatiotemporal performance of remotely sensed actual evapotranspiration (ETa) datasets and a remotely sensed ensemble in a region that lacks observed data. The remotely sensed datasets were further compared with ETa results from a physically based hydrologic model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to examine the differences and determine the level of agreement between the ETa datasets and the model outputs. ETa datasets were compared on temporal (i.e., monthly and seasonal basis) and spatial (i.e., landuse) scales at both watershed and subbasin levels. The results showed a lack of consistent similarities and differences among the datasets when evaluating the monthly ETa variations; however, the seasonal aggregated data presented more consistent similarities and differences during the spring and summer compared to the fall and winter. Meanwhile, spatial analysis of the datasets showed the MOD16A2 500 m ETa product was the most versatile of the tested datasets, being able to differentiate between landuses during all seasons. Furthermore, the use of an averaging ensemble was able to improve overall ETa performance in the study area. This study showed that the remotely sensed ETa products are not similar throughout the year, but the appropriate application periods for different ETa products were identified. Finally, spatial variabilities of the ETa products are more in tune with landuse and climate characteristics.     

青藏高原东部过渡区水环境中全氟化合物的分布特征

为探究高原过渡区水环境中全氟化合物(perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)的污染状况,以青藏高原东部过渡区典型高山峡谷区、若尔盖草原湿地区为研究区,应用固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-电喷雾负电离源串联质谱的方法对研究区内的降雪样品、河水和草原湿地地表径流样品中的全氟化合物进行测定.降雪样品中平均∑PFCs浓度为6266 pg·L~(-1),共检出11种PFCs,其中PFBA含量最高,表明该地区的大气中存在着以PFBA为主的PFCs污染.河水样品中检测到7种PFCs,高山峡谷区河水样品中ΣPFCs浓度范围为272—2244 pg·L~(-1),若尔盖草原湿地区河水样品中ΣPFCs浓度范围为727—5149 pg·L~(-1),远低于我国东部地区及长江黄河下游区域.若尔盖草原湿地地表径流样品检测出11种PFCs,∑PFCs浓度范围为5837—13720 pg·L~(-1),高于当地河水中PFCs的浓度,表明地表径流是当地河水中PFCs不可忽略的非点源污染源.运用熵值法得到青藏高原东部过渡区河水中PFOA、PFOS及PFBA的风险值均远低于参考值,未达到对生态环境具有风险的水平.     

Organochlorine pesticides in feathers of three raptor species in southern Brazil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, we determined the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in back feathers from three raptor species, Phalcoboenus chimango,...     

五老峰隧道岩爆声发射参数特征研究

为研究岩爆事件的声发射特征,为岩爆灾害的进一步监测预警提供依据,对五老峰隧道掌子面附近区域岩爆事件进行声发射监测,以RA均值作为主要参数,研究岩爆发生前后的参数变化规律,并通过与b值等参数分析结果的相互印证,对比岩爆信号与爆破震动信号之间的区别。试验结果表明:不同传感器因为布设位置、耦合程度的差异,接收到的声发射信号数量与参数分布范围存在较大差异;RA均值作为参数分析依据,能够较好地反映岩爆事件的孕育发展过程,且能够一定程度上消除传感器接收信号数量差异的影响,更稳定地反映岩爆事件的信号特征;岩爆事件发生前RA均值与事件密度不断升高,峰值后则都迅速降低,而爆破产生的声发射信号则在RA值上存在一定突变性,且峰值后仍保持较高水平。本次监测中,共发生1次微型岩爆,而在左洞爆破后,声发射信号明显增多,但并未产生显著破裂事件。     

城市道路积尘PM 2.5碳组分春秋季节差异分析

为了解城市道路积尘PM 2.5中碳组分春秋季节差异,利用样方法采集石家庄市4种不同类型道路积尘PM 2.5样品,测定有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)浓度并分析。结果表明:OC,EC在积尘PM 2.5中平均浓度春季为86.77,12.11 mg/g,秋季为119.70,9.44 mg/g,秋季OC浓度大于春季,EC相反;OC/EC为6.4~7.9(春季)和11.36~17.49(秋季),存在严重的二次污染,秋季明显高于春季。与国内不同地区对比发现,石家庄市道路积尘中碳质颗粒物污染严重。主成分分析发现春季积尘中的碳主要来自于汽油车与柴油车尾气排放、道路降尘的沉积,而秋季则增加了生物质燃烧、燃煤排放的影响。     

Facilitating biodiversity conservation through partnerships to achieve transformative outcomes

Conservation biology is a mission-driven discipline that must navigate a new relationship between conservation and science. Because conservation is a social and political as well as an ecological project, conservation biologists must practice interdisciplinarity and collaboration. In a comparative study of 7 cases (Jaguars in the Chaco, Grevy's zebra in Kenya, Beekeeping in Tanzania, Andean cats in Argentina, Jaguars in Mexico, Lobster fishing, and Black bears in Mexico), we examined motivations for collaboration in conservation, who can collaborate in conservation, and how conservation professionals can work well together. In 5 case studies, successful conservation outcomes were prioritized over livelihood benefits. In the other 2 cases, livelihoods were prioritized. All case studies employed participatory approaches. There were multiple external actors, including local and Indigenous communities, nongovernmental organizations, agencies, regional and national governments, and international organizations, which enhanced conservation and wider sustainability outcomes. Key collaboration aspects considered across the case studies were time (mismatch between relationship building and project schedules), trust required for meaningful partnerships, tools employed, and transformative potential for people, nature, and the discipline of conservation biology. We developed guidelines for successful collaboration, including long-term commitment, knowledge integration, multiscalar and plural approaches, cultivation of trust, appropriate engagement, evaluation, supporting students, and efforts for transformation.     

乳状液膜提取废汞触媒浸出液中的汞及 乳状液破乳

采用乳状液膜法分离提取废汞触媒浸出液中的Hg~(2+)。考察了影响乳状液膜体系分离富集汞的主要因素,并对分离提取后的乳液相进行了破乳研究。分离提取实验结果表明:乳状液膜体系的最佳配方为流动载体磷酸三丁酯体积分数10%、表面活性剂失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯体积分数4%、膜溶剂磺化煤油体积分数86%、内水相HCl溶液浓度0.10mol/L、油相与内水相的体积比1∶1;在乳状液与外水相的体积比为1∶10的条件下Hg~(2+)提取率达78.50%。破乳实验结果表明:加热破乳、离心破乳、加热离心联合破乳3种方法的破乳率分别为29.0%,54.0%,85.7%;采用加热离心联合法破乳后,Hg~(2+)富集倍数达8.5。     

关于加强城市风环境规划研究的思考

城市风环境规划对于城市建设具有十分重要的意义,但在我国关注度还相对较低,为城市环境规划留有"隐患"。开展风环境规划研究,合理规划城市风环境,建立城市通风廊道,是城市规划的有益创新,也是践行习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的具体体现。本文梳理和总结了部分发达国家和地区城市风环境研究与技术发展状况,结合我国城市风环境规划研究和管理现状,从推动我国城市风环境规划的角度给出了若干建议。