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581.
Brown GS Betty RG Brockmann JE Lucero DA Souza CA Walsh KS Boucher RM Tezak MS Wilson MC 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(7):666-671
Vacuum filter socks were evaluated for recovery efficiency of powdered Bacillus atrophaeus spores from two non-porous surfaces, stainless steel and painted wallboard and two porous surfaces, carpet and bare concrete. Two surface coupons were positioned side-by-side and seeded with aerosolized Bacillus atrophaeus spores. One of the surfaces, a stainless steel reference coupon, was sized to fit into a sample vial for direct spore removal, while the other surface, a sample surface coupon, was sized for a vacuum collection application. Deposited spore material was directly removed from the reference coupon surface and cultured for enumeration of colony forming units (CFU), while deposited spore material was collected from the sample coupon using the vacuum filter sock method, extracted by sonication and cultured for enumeration. Recovery efficiency, which is a measure of overall transfer effectiveness from the surface to culture, was calculated as the number of CFU enumerated from the filter sock sample per unit area relative to the number of CFU enumerated from the co-located reference coupon per unit area. The observed mean filter sock recovery efficiency from stainless steel was 0.29 (SD = 0.14, n = 36), from painted wallboard was 0.25 (SD = 0.15, n = 36), from carpet was 0.28 (SD = 0.13, n = 40) and from bare concrete was 0.19 (SD = 0.14, n = 44). Vacuum filter sock recovery quantitative limits of detection were estimated at 105 CFU m(-2) from stainless steel and carpet, 120 CFU m(-2) from painted wallboard and 160 CFU m(-2) from bare concrete. The method recovery efficiency and limits of detection established in this work provide useful guidance for the planning of incident response environmental sampling for biological agents such as Bacillus anthracis. 相似文献
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Robert K Hall Peter Husby Gary Wolinsky Olof Hansen Michiko Mares 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1998,51(1-2):357-367
The Central Valley of California contains critical habitat for many aquatic and terrestrial biological resources. The purpose of this R-EMAP project was to assess the effects from a highly modified agriculturally dominated landuse area on the aquatic resources of the lower portion of the Central Valley watersheds. The study area is 24,346 mi2 and comprises the Sacramento Valley and San Joaquin Valley watersheds to the 1,000 ft. elevation contour. Populations of interest are man-made conveyances and wadeable natural streams. There are 40,756 miles of streams and constructed conveyances within the Central Valley as designated by RF3 database. Sample sites were selected to represent 14,399 miles of streams and sloughs, and 16,697 miles of constructed conveyances. 相似文献
585.
Kenneth Strzepek David Yates Gary Yohe Richard Tol Nicholas Mader 《Integrated Assessment》2001,2(3):139-157
A space of “not-implausible” scenarios for Egypt's future under climate change is defined along two dimensions. One depicts
representative climate change and climate variability scenarios that span the realm of possibility. Some would not be very
threatening. Others portend dramatic reductions in average flows into Lake Nassar and associated increases in the likelihood
of year to year shortfalls below critical coping thresholds; these would be extremely troublesome, especially if they were
cast in the context of increased political instability across the entire Nile Basin. Still others depict futures along which
relatively routine and relatively inexpensive adaptation might be anticipated. The ability to adapt to change and to cope
with more severe extremes would, however, be linked inexorably to the second set of social–political–economic scenarios. The
second dimension, defined as “anthropogenic” social/economic/political scenarios describe the holistic environment within
which the determinants of adaptive capacity for water management, agriculture, and coastal zone management must be assessed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Gary C. White 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2008,15(1):89-99
Program MARK provides > 65 data types in a common configuration for the estimation of population parameters from mark-encounter
data. Encounter information from live captures, live resightings, and dead recoveries can be incorporated to estimate demographic
parameters. Available estimates include survival (S or ϕ), rate of population change (λ), transition rates between strata (Ψ), emigration and immigration rates, and population
size (N). Although N is the parameter most often desired by biologists, N is one of the most difficult parameters to estimate precisely without bias for a geographically and demographically closed
population. The set of closed population estimation models available in Program MARK incorporate time (t) and behavioral (b) variation, and individual heterogeneity (h) in the estimation of capture and recapture probabilities in a likelihood framework. The full range of models from M
0 (null model with all capture and recapture probabilities equal) to M
tbh
are possible, including the ability to include temporal, group, and individual covariates to model capture and recapture
probabilities. Both the full likelihood formulation of Otis et al. (1978) and the conditional model formulation of Huggins
(1989, 1991) and Alho (1990) are provided in Program MARK, and all of these models are incorporated into the robust design
(Kendall et al. 1995, 1997; Kendall and Nichols 1995) and robust-design multistrata (Hestbeck et al. 1991, Brownie et al.
1993) data types. Model selection is performed with AICc (Burnham and Anderson 2002) and model averaging (Burnham and Anderson
2002) is available in Program MARK to provide estimates of N with standard error that reflect model selection uncertainty. 相似文献
588.
The effects of learning versus outcome distal goals in conjunction with proximal goals were investigated in a laboratory setting using a class‐scheduling task. The participants (n = 96) needed to acquire knowledge in order to perform the task correctly. A ‘do your best’ outcome goal led to higher performance than the assignment of a specific, difficult outcome goal. However, the assignment of a specific, difficult learning goal led to higher performance than urging people to ‘do their best.’ Goal commitment was higher in the learning goal than in the outcome goal condition. The correlation between task‐relevant strategies discovered and performance was positive and significant. The number of task‐relevant strategies implemented by participants assigned a distal learning goal in conjunction with proximal goals was higher than in any other goal condition. Setting a distal outcome or learning goal that included proximal outcome goals, however, did not lead to higher performance than the setting of a distal outcome or learning goal alone. Self‐efficacy correlated significantly with performance, and this effect was mediated through strategy development. Furthermore, the discovery of task‐relevant strategies affected self‐efficacy through an increase in performance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Bhanukiran SUNKARA Yang SU Jingjing ZHAN Jibao HE Gary L. MCPHERSON Vijay T. JOHN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(5):939
Iron-carbon (Fe-C) composite microspheres prepared through a facile aerosol-based process are effective remediation agents for the simultaneous adsorption and reduction of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Complete dechlorination was achieved for the class of chlorinated ethenes that include tetrachloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), cis- and trans-1,2-dicloroethylene (c-DCE, t-DCE), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) and, vinyl chloride (VC). The Fe-C particles potentially provides multi-functionality with requisite characteristics of adsorption, reaction, and transport for the effective in situ remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The carbon support immobilizes the ferromagnetic iron nanoparticles onto its surface, thereby inhibiting aggregation. The adsorptive nature of the carbon support prevents the release of toxic intermediates such as the dichloroethylenes and vinyl chloride. The adsorption of chlorinated ethenes on the Fe-C composites is higher (>80%) than that of humic acid (<35%) and comparable to adsorption on commercial activated carbons (>90%). The aerosol-based process is an efficient method to prepare adsorptive-reactive composite particles in the optimal size range for transport through the porous media and as effective targeted delivery agents for the in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminants. 相似文献