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831.
可再生能源储存系统是利用钢筋混凝土桩基础来储存由太阳能板产生的可再生能源,可再生能源以压缩空气的形式储存在空心截面的桩基内,桩基础作为上部结构的承载结构,不仅要承受上部结构荷载,还要承受土体的反作用力和压缩空气的压力。然而,混凝土在拉应力作用下易产生裂缝,导致钢筋混凝土桩储存能源的使用性能和耐久性受限。为了克服传统钢筋混凝土能量桩的这些缺陷,针对各种FRP(Fiber Reinforced Polymer)-混凝土复合桩基础储能和承载的双功能进行研究。综合考虑结构荷载、土体的反作用和压缩空气热动力循环引起的内部空气压力的共同作用,对多种形式的复合能量桩基础体系的适用性进行了综合有限元分析。研究表明,内侧和外侧的FRP管可以有效提高使用性能和耐久性,相对于钢筋混凝土桩,FRPC管桩的使用可靠性和耐久性性能更高。 相似文献
832.
833.
目前对于隔离桩是否能有效减小基坑外地下结构的变形问题仍存在争议。为研究隔离桩对基坑开挖引起的土体水平位移的隔断效果,结合二阶段分析方法及地层补偿法,提出了求解基坑开挖后隔离桩外土体位移的三阶段分析方法,并对其合理性进行了验证。结果表明:基于该方法的计算,不同基坑开挖深度和不同围护墙变形模式下,隔离桩的存在可减小坑外地坪下一定深度范围内的土体水平位移,但可能增大深层土体水平位移;隔离桩刚度越大,对土体上部水平向位移的隔离效果越好,但同时深层土层位移增大的情况也越明显;合理的隔离桩桩顶埋深可一定程度减小隔离桩对深层土体的牵引作用。为保护基坑外的地下结构而设置隔离桩时,应根据模拟计算结果、工程实际情况及当地经验综合分析其可行性。 相似文献
834.
Total concentrations and speciation of heavy metals in soils of the Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area (SZIA) was used for the spreading of municipal and industrial waste water, which is an economic way of irrigating crops, recycling nutrients and water treatment. Long-term irrigation resulted in a severe metal contamination of soils. To identify the soil phases implicated in retaining the metals, sequential extractions were performed. The most predominant metal was cadmium which was mainly associated with mobile, easily soluble and easily reducible fractions. Copper was mainly associated with the residual, EDTA extractable and moderately reducible fractions. Lead was bound to organic matter and poorly crystalline Fe-oxides. Nickel and zinc were mainly associated with the residual and strongly reducible fractions. Although copper, lead, nickel and zinc concentrations were of minor importance mobile metal concentrations of these metals as well as of cadmium exceeded German trigger values for plant production and plant growth. 相似文献
835.
Evaluating the effectiveness of routine water quality monitoring in Miyun reservoir based on geostatistical analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study used geographic information system techniques and geostatistics methods to evaluate the effectiveness of routine water quality monitoring in the western segment of the Miyun reservoir in Beijing. Methodologies as well as the sampling design are evaluated. The single-layer evaluation and three integrated evaluation methods including principal component analysis (PCA), ordinary kriging (OK)_Mean, and Mean_Layers were used to validate the effectiveness of evaluation methods, and the effectiveness of each sampling design was validated by comparing their errors. Results indicated that, while a single-layer evaluation only shows the trophic state of water at a specific level, an integrated evaluation synthetically analyzes and evaluates the trophic state of the entire water body. Furthermore, results of the integrated analysis show that a PCA method is more accurate and can represent the trophic state of the entire water body. The OK_Mean and Mean_Layers methods are only able to represent the mean level for trophic state of the entire water body but cannot reflect local trophic state and distribution details. Although methods used in the routine monitoring of Miyun reservoir have some similarities to the OK_Mean and Mean_Layers methods, their range of errors and uncertainty are greater because of a lack of detailed spatial continuous information. The analysis on the number of sampling points shows that, within a certain range of error, minor changes of sampling points will have no obvious impact on the monitoring results. For the routine monitoring of western Miyun reservoir, using only three to five sampling points for monitoring is inadequate. According to our analysis, it is more appropriate to use at least ten sampling points for monitoring these areas. 相似文献
836.
837.
Response of non-point source pollutant loads to climate change in the Shitoukoumen reservoir catchment 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The impacts of climate change on streamflow and non-point source pollutant loads in the Shitoukoumen reservoir catchment are
predicted by combining a general circulation model (HadCM3) with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model.
A statistical downscaling model was used to generate future local scenarios of meteorological variables such as temperature
and precipitation. Then, the downscaled meteorological variables were used as input to the SWAT hydrological model calibrated
and validated with observations, and the corresponding changes of future streamflow and non-point source pollutant loads in
Shitoukoumen reservoir catchment were simulated and analyzed. Results show that daily temperature increases in three future
periods (2010–2039, 2040–2069, and 2070–2099) relative to a baseline of 1961–1990, and the rate of increase is 0.63°C per
decade. Annual precipitation also shows an apparent increase of 11 mm per decade. The calibration and validation results showed
that the SWAT model was able to simulate well the streamflow and non-point source pollutant loads, with a coefficient of determination
of 0.7 and a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of about 0.7 for both the calibration and validation periods. The future climate change
has a significant impact on streamflow and non-point source pollutant loads. The annual streamflow shows a fluctuating upward
trend from 2010 to 2099, with an increase rate of 1.1 m3 s−1 per decade, and a significant upward trend in summer, with an increase rate of 1.32 m3 s−1 per decade. The increase in summer contributes the most to the increase of annual load compared with other seasons. The annual
NH4+-N load into Shitoukoumen reservoir shows a significant downward trend with a decrease rate of 40.6 t per decade. The annual
TP load shows an insignificant increasing trend, and its change rate is 3.77 t per decade. The results of this analysis provide
a scientific basis for effective support of decision makers and strategies of adaptation to climate change. 相似文献
838.
This study first presents the spatial distribution, temporal variation, and sources of heavy metal pollution in groundwater of a nonferrous metal mine area in China. Unconfined groundwater was polluted by Pb, Zn, As, and Cu, in order, while confined karst water in the mines showed pollution in the following sequence: Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, and As. Pollution by Pb was widespread, while Zn, As, Cu, and Cd were found to be high in the north–central industrial region and to decrease gradually with distance from smelters and tailings. Vertically, more Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd have accumulated in shallow Quaternary groundwater, while more As have migrated into the deeper fracture groundwater in the local discharge area. Zn, Cd, and Cu concentrations in groundwater along the riverside diminished owing to reduced wastewater drainage since 1977, while samples in the confluence area were found to have increasing contents of Pb, Zn, As, Cu, and Cd since industrialization began in the 1990s. Sources of heavy metals in groundwater were of anthropogenic origin except for Cr. Pb originated primarily from airborne volatile particulates, wastewater, and waste residues and deposited continuously, while Zn, Cd, and Cu were derived from the wastewater of smelters and leakage of tailings, which corresponded to the related soil and surface residue researches. Elevated As values around factories might be the result of chemical reactions. Flow patterns in different hydrogeological units and adsorption capability of from Quaternary sediments restricted their cross-border diffusion. 相似文献
839.
青藏铁路西宁至格尔木段为典型的季节性冻土区铁路,冻害频发,严重影响铁路的正常使用和安全运营,为了整治路基体发生冻害,结合成熟的注浆技术和传统撒盐法,提出注盐法整治路基冻害。在室内模型箱中填筑实体模型,进行封闭系统中多次冻融循环条件下人工盐渍土路基模型试验,探究人工盐渍土路基中温度、水分、盐分以及变形规律,验证注盐法整治路基冻害的可行性。试验结果表明:路基土体内温度变化趋势符合环境温度变化趋势的余弦函数变化波动规律,土体内温度变化较环境温度变化推迟36 h左右;温度梯度是引起水分迁移的主要因素,越接近冷端,迁移量越大,在冻结锋面处达到最大;在封闭系统中,盐分随着水分向冷端运移,但是盐分运移量较低,随着周期的推进,盐分呈逐渐降低的趋势;随着温度的周期性变化路基顶面的变形呈现出有规律的冻胀和融沉现象,但是最大冻胀量为0.08 mm,可见路基盐化之后路基土体基本不产生冻胀变形。 相似文献
840.
Linlin Cai Xiangyang Sun Dan Hao Suyan Li Xiaoqiang Gong Hao Ding Kefei Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(4):61