Removal of phosphorus and sulfur from yellow phosphorus off-gas by metal-modified activated carbon

In order to provide comprehensive utilization of high concentration CO for mono-carbon (C1) chemical industry, the purification of yellow phosphorus off-gas is of great concern. In this research, activated carbon (AC) modified by different impregnants were used for removal of PH₃, H₂S, SO₂, COS, and CS₂ in yellow phosphorus off-gas. For the removal of PH₃, AC impregnated with 0.10 mol L⁻¹ CuAc₂ was proved to be the best adsorbent. And removal efficiency of H₂S could be significantly enhanced by AC impregnated with 7% Na₂CO₃. The results of plant experiments suggested that the total concentration of the impurities in yellow phosphorus off-gas was less than 1 mg Nm⁻³ after purification operation. The metal-modified activated carbon (MMAC) was systematically characterized in terms of XPS, TGA, and DTA. The adsorption reaction mechanism was also investigated. As a result, the yellow phosphorus off-gas purified in this study can be used as a raw material gas in the C1 chemical industry.     

Gaseous elemental mercury concentration in atmosphere at urban and remote sites in China

An investigation of gaseous elemental mercury concentration in atmosphere was conducted at Beijing and Guangzhou urban, Yangtze Delta regional sites and China Global Atmosphere Watch Baseline Observatory (CGAWBO) in Mt. Waliguan of remote continental area of China. High temporal resolved data were obtained using automated mercury analyzer RA-915 . Results showed that the overall hourly mean Hg0 concentrations in Mt. Waliguan were 1.7± 1.1 ng/m3 in summer and 0.6±0.08 ng/m3 in winter. The concentration in Yangtze Delta regional site was 5.4±4.1 ng/m3, which was much higher than those in Waliguan continental background area and also higher than that found in North America and Europe rural areas. In Beijing urban area the overall hourly mean Hg0 concentrations were 8.3±3.6 ng/m3 in winter, 6.5±5.2 ng/m3 in spring, 4.9±3.3 ng/m3 in summer, and 6.7±3.5 ng/m3 in autumn, respectively, and the concentration was 13.5±7.1 ng/m3 in Guangzhou site. The mean concentration reached the lowest value at 14:00 and the highest at 02:00 or 20:00 in all monitoring campaigns in Beijing and Guangzhou urban areas, which contrasted with the results measured in Yangtze Delta regional site and Mt. Waliguan. The features of concentration and diurnal variation of Hg0 in Beijing and Guangzhou implied the importance of local anthropogenic sources in contributing to the high Hg0 concentration in urban areas of China. Contrary seasonal variation patterns of Hg0 concentration were found between urban and remote sites. In Beijing the highest Hg0concentration was in winter and the lowest in summer, while in Mt. Waliguan the Hg0 concentration in summer was higher than that in winter. These indicated that different processes and factors controlled Hg0 concentration in urban, regional and remote areas.     

换流站高压电容器故障监测技术的研究与应用

针对换流站交、直流滤波器电容器故障时壳体变形问题,分析了高压电容器故障形变特点,提出了利用基于物联网的无线形变温度传感器对换流站高压电容器进行故障监测的技术方案。应用结果表明:该方法提高了换流站高压电容器运行可靠性,减少了运维人员巡视工作量,降低了电容器维护成本,为换流站交、直流滤波器运行维护积累了经验。     

甘蔗光合系统Ⅰ亚基O基因的克隆与表达分析

光合系统Ⅰ亚基O(PhotosystemⅠsubunit O,Psa O)是光合系统Ⅰ中的蛋白亚基,在两个光合系统之间平衡激发能方面起着重要的作用.为研究Psa O基因的结构和功能,对甘蔗(Saccharum offi cinarum L.)叶片全长c DNA文库进行测序,获得光合系统Ⅰ亚基O基因的全长c DNA序列,命名为Sc Psa O(Gen Bank Accession Number:KF714498).生物信息学分析表明,该基因全长708 bp,开放阅读框435 bp,编码144个氨基酸;该基因所编码的蛋白定位于叶绿体基质,无信号肽,为疏水性非分泌碱性蛋白,二级结构多为无规则卷曲,含有PJN00046家族的保守结构域,参与能量新陈代谢及脂肪酸新陈代谢.同时,该基因在不同物种间具有较强的保守性,其中与同属C4植物的同源性较C3植物高.荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,甘蔗Sc Psa O基因在叶片中的相对表达量最高,具有一定的组织特异性;在氯化钠(Na Cl)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、氯化铜(Cu Cl2)、脱落酸(ABA)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)等外源胁迫下,其表达量均呈下调趋势,且以PEG胁迫下的下调表现最为明显.这些结果表明这几种外源胁迫可能抑制甘蔗Sc Psa O基因的转录水平表达,为其进一步功能验证以及在甘蔗基因工程中的应用积累了基础资料.     

衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同恢复阶段土壤微生物与养分的耦合关系

采用空间代替时间序列的方法,对衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同恢复阶段土壤微生物特征与养分的耦合关系进行研究。结果表明,1）不同恢复阶段土壤养分存在明显差异,从裸荒地阶段（Ⅰ）、草本阶段（Ⅱ）、灌木阶段（Ⅲ）到乔木阶段（Ⅳ）,土壤含水量、土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效磷显著增加（P<0.05）,全磷、pH 值逐渐减小（P>0.05）,全钾和速效钾的差异变化不大。2）不同恢复阶段微生物总数显著增加（P<0.05）,其中细菌数量显著增加（P<0.05）,真菌数量的大小顺序为草本阶段（Ⅱ）>裸荒地阶段（Ⅰ）>灌木阶段（Ⅲ）>乔木阶段（Ⅳ）（P<0.05）;放线菌数量的大小顺序为草本阶段（Ⅱ）>乔木阶段（Ⅳ）>裸荒地阶段（Ⅰ）>灌木阶段（Ⅲ）（P<0.05）。裸荒地阶段（Ⅰ）,细菌数量与放线菌数量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,草本阶段（Ⅱ）,放线菌数量与真菌数量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,灌木阶段（Ⅲ）和乔木阶段（Ⅳ）,细菌数量、真菌数量和与放线菌数量之间呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）。3）相关分析表明,不同恢复阶段微生物量碳、微生物量氮和微生物量磷之间的相关性性达显著或极显著水平（P<0.05或P<0.01）,土壤微生物量与土壤养分的关系密切（P<0.05或P<0.01）,而微生物数量与土壤养分的相关性较弱（P>0.05）。4）典型相关分析表明,不同恢复阶段土壤微生物属性和土壤养分的耦合关系不同。裸荒地阶段（Ⅰ）,土壤含水量、土壤有机质、全氮和全磷主要影响微生物量碳、微生物量氮和微生物量磷（P<0.01）。草本阶段（Ⅱ）,土壤有机质、全磷和 pH 值起较大作用,主要影响微生物量碳、细菌、真菌（P<0.01）。灌木阶段（Ⅲ）,土壤有机质、全磷和pH主要影响微生物量碳、微生物量氮和真菌（P<0.01）。乔木阶段（Ⅳ）,全磷、碱解氮和pH值主要影响微生物量碳、微生物量氮和细菌（P<0.01）。研究结果对于构建衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地植被恢复技术体系具有理论与实践意义。     

布袋除尘器结构改进的数值模拟研究

为了解决布袋除尘器内部流场分布不均匀、布袋局部烟气速度过高等问题,利用Fluent软件对布袋除尘器内部流场进行数值模拟,并在布袋除尘器内部设置一种新型的混合式导流板。数值模拟结果显示:在增添了混合式导流板之后,进入布袋除尘区的烟气平均速度和轴向速度都大幅减小,同时内部流场分布也更加均匀,为布袋除尘器结构改进提供了可靠的方案。     

Abatement of SO2–NOx binary gas mixtures using a ferruginous active absorbent: Part I. Synergistic effects and mechanism

A novel ferruginous active absorbent, prepared by fly ash, industrial lime and the additive Fe(VI), was introduced for synchronous abatement of binary mixtures of SO₂–NOx from simulated coal-fired flue gas. The synergistic action of various factors on the absorption of SO₂ and NOx was investigated. The results show that a strong synergistic effect exists between Fe(VI) dose and reaction temperature for the desulfurization. It was observed that in the denitration process, the synergy of Fe(VI) dose and Ca/(S + N) had the most significant impact on the removal of NO, followed by the synergy of Fe(VI) and reaction temperature, and then the synergy of reaction temperature and flue gas humidity. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an accessory X-ray energy spectrometer (EDS) were used to observe the surface characteristics of the raw and spent absorbent as well as fly ash. A reaction mechanism was proposed based on chemical analysis of sulfur and nitrogen species concentrations in the spent absorbent. The Gibbs free energy, equilibrium constants and partial pressures of the SO₂–NOx binary system were determined by thermodynamics.     

CFRP筋增强钢纤维混凝土梁受剪承载力试验与分析∗

对 CFRP 箍筋和纵筋增强钢纤维混凝土梁的受剪承载力进行研究,通过 6 根梁的加载试验研究了剪跨比、配箍率和箍筋种类对受剪承载力的影响。考虑 CFRP 纵筋与混凝土的粘结性能,建立了 CFRP 筋增强钢纤维梁受剪承载力计算方法。结果表明：①CFRP 筋增强钢纤维混凝土梁受剪承载力高,破坏前斜裂缝宽度大,破坏有明显预兆;②钢纤维可有效减小斜截面开裂后前期的 CFRP 箍筋应力,有利于箍筋强度发挥,CFRP 箍筋的极限应变可取为 0.004;③CFRP 纵筋发挥强度高,需注意锚固长度和设计使用应力,防止滑移拔出和销栓破断;④给出的受剪承载力计算方法具有较高的计算精度高。     

活性黑5高效脱色菌的固定化及其脱色特性研究

采用海藻酸钙包埋法固定活性黑5高效脱色菌,通过正交试验确定固定化的最优条件,考察了pH、温度、初始染料浓度和重复利用次数等因素对固定化菌体脱色特性的影响,同时通过投加固定化颗粒处理模拟染料废水研究其生物强化作用。结果表明,最优固定化条件为海藻酸钠浓度3%,CaCl2浓度2%,菌体量与包埋剂量之比2:1;固定化颗粒对染料脱色的最适pH为8左右,最适温度为30℃,具有耐低温、染料浓度耐受极限高和可重复利用等特性,但在强碱性、高温和重复利用多次后,其机械强度降低;固定化菌体对以葡萄糖为外加碳源的染料废水的脱色效果较好,且浓度以1 g/L为宜,在厌氧污泥反应器中投加固定化颗粒对染料去除效率有所提高。     

基于WEBGIS的地震空间减灾信息化平台建设研究

地震已成为威胁人类生命、财产和社会经济发展最严重的自然灾害之一。针对当前地震应急减灾系统灾害信息获取时效性差、自动化和定量化程度低及信息集成共享等方面的不足,通过收集、整理地震灾害时空信息,结合灾区基础地理、多源遥感卫星影像及动态灾情信息,利用面向对象及主题的数据模型设计在线的地震应急减灾时空一体化数据库;提出了构建基于WEBGIS和空间技术的地震减灾信息化平台的总体设计架构、技术体系及功能模块;开发了平台原型系统,初步形成了地震灾害动态监测、灾害评估、灾情信息实时共享以及应急减灾辅助决策的一体化产品,为提高我国地震灾害应急减灾水平提供了借鉴作用。