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71.
Mechanisms of natural attenuation of arsenic (As) by wetland plants may be classified by plant uptake and adsorption and/or co-precipitation by iron (oxy)hydroxide formed on the root surface of plants or in rhizosediment. A natural Cattail (Typha spp.) wetland impacted by tailings containing high levels of As from the Myungbong abandoned Au Mine, South Korea was selected, and the practical capability of this wetland to attenuate As was evaluated. The As concentrations in the plant tissues from the study wetland were several-fold higher than those from control wetland. SEM-EDX analyses demonstrated that iron plaques exist on the rhizome surface. Moreover, relatively high As contents bonded with hydrous iron oxides were found in the rhizosediments rather than in the bulk sediments. It was revealed through the leaching and sequential extraction analyses that As existed as more stable forms in the wetland sediment compared with adjacent paddy soil, which is also contaminated with As due to input of mine tailings. The As concentration ratios of extracted solution to sediment/soil represented that the wetland sediment showed significant lower values (10-fold) rather than the paddy soil with indicating high As stability. Also, As in the wetland sediment was predominantly bonded with residual phases on the basis of results from sequential extraction analysis. From these results, it is concluded that transformation of As contaminated agricultural field to wetland environment may be helpful for natural attenuation until active remediation action. 相似文献
72.
Mingcan Cui Min Jang Sang-Hyun Cho Jeehyeong Khim 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(1):103-112
Various analyses of physico-chemical characteristics and batch tests were conducted with the sludge obtained from a full-scale electrolysis facility for treating coal mine drainage in order to find the applicability of sludge as a material for removing Zn(II) in an aqueous phase. The physico-chemical analysis results indicated that coal mine drainage sludge (CMDS) had a high specific surface area and also satisfied the standard of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) because the extracted concentrations of certain toxic elements such as Pb, Cu, As, Hg, Zn, and Ni were much less than their regulatory limits. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the CMDS mainly consists of goethite (70%) and calcite (30%) as a weight basis. However, the zeta potential analysis represented that the CMDS had a lower isoelectric point of pH (pHIEP) than that of goethite or calcite. This might have been caused by the complexation of negatively charged anions, especially sulfate, which usually exists with a high concentration in coal mine drainage. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry analysis revealed that Zn(II) was dominantly removed as a form of precipitation by calcite, such as smithsonite [ZnCO3] or hydrozincite [Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6]. Recycling sludge, originally a waste material, for the removal process of Zn(II), as well as other heavy metals, could be beneficial due to its high and speedy removal capability and low economic costs. 相似文献
73.
Jin-Ho Sung Seung-Ki Back Eun-Song Lee Ha-Na Jang Yong-Chil Seo Youn-Suk Kang Myong-Hwa Lee 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(6):58-65
Elemental mercury(Hg0) is predominant constituent of flue gas emitted from coal-fired power plants. Adsorption has been considered the best available technology for removal of Hg0 from flue gas. However, adsorbent injection increases the amount of ash generated. In the present study, powdered activated carbon(PAC) was coated on polytetrafluoroethylene/glass fiber filters to increase Hg0 removal while concurrently reducing the amount of ash generated. The optimal PAC coating rate was determined in laboratory experiments to ensure better Hg0 removal with low pressure drop. When PAC of particle size less than 45 μm was used, and the areal density was 50 g/m2, the pressure drop remained under 30 Pa while the Hg0 removal efficiency increased to 15.8% from4.3%. The Hg0 removal efficiency also increased with decrease in filtration velocity. The optimal PAC coating rate was applied on a hybrid filter(HF), which was combined with a bag filter and an electrostatic precipitator in a single chamber. Originally designed to remove fine particulates matter, it was retrofitted to the flue gas control device for simultaneous Hg0 removal. By employing the PAC coating, the Hg removal efficiency of the HF increased to 79.79% from 66.35%. Also, a temporary reduction in Hg removal was seen but this was resolved following a cleaning cycle in which the dust layer was removed. 相似文献
74.
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is toxic to the human body and is one of the main threats to the indoor air quality (IAQ). As such, the removal of HCHO is imperative to improving the IAQ, whereby the most useful method to effectively remove HCHO at room temperature is catalytic oxidation. This review discusses catalysts for HCHO room-temperature oxidation, which are categorized according to their preparation methods, i.e., gas-phase reduction and liquid-phase reduction methods. The HCHO oxidation performances, structural features, and reaction mechanisms of the different catalysts are discussed, and directions for future research on catalytic oxidation are reviewed. 相似文献
75.
Jang CS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):3063-3075
Owing to limited surface water during a long-term drought, this work attempted to locate clean and safe groundwater in the
Choushui River alluvial fan of Taiwan based on drinking-water quality standards. Because aquifers contained several pollutants,
multivariate indicator kriging (MVIK) was adopted to integrate the multiple pollutants in groundwater based on drinking- and
raw-water quality standards and to explore spatial uncertainty. According to probabilities estimated by MVIK, safe zones were
determined under four treatment conditions—no treatment; ammonium–N and iron removal; manganese and arsenic removal; and ammonium–N,
iron, manganese, and arsenic removal. The analyzed results reveal that groundwater in the study area is not appropriate for
drinking use without any treatments because of high ammonium–N, iron, manganese, and/or arsenic concentrations. After ammonium–N,
iron, manganese, and arsenic removed, about 81.9–94.9% of total areas can extract safe groundwater for drinking. The proximal-fan,
central mid-fan, southern mid-fan, and northern regions are the excellent locations to pump safe groundwater for drinking
after treatment. Deep aquifers of exceeding 200 m depth have wider regions to obtain excellent groundwater than shallow aquifers
do. 相似文献
76.
Cheng-Shin Jang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(5):4049-4061
Multivariate geostatistical approaches have been applied extensively in characterizing risks and uncertainty of pollutant concentrations exceeding anthropogenic regulatory limits. Spatially delineating an extent of contamination potential is considerably critical for regional groundwater resources protection and utilization. This study used multivariate indicator kriging (MVIK) to determine spatial patterns of contamination extents in groundwater for irrigation and made a predicted comparison between two types of MVIK, including MVIK of multiplying indicator variables (MVIK-M) and of averaging indicator variables (MVIK-A). A cross-validation procedure was adopted to examine the performance of predicted errors, and various probability thresholds used to calculate ratios of declared pollution area to total area were explored for the two MVIK methods. The assessed results reveal that the northern and central aquifers have excellent groundwater quality for irrigation use. Results obtained through a cross-validation procedure indicate that MVIK-M is more robust than MVIK-A. Furthermore, a low ratio of declared pollution area to total area in MVIK-A may result in an unrealistic and unreliable probability used to determine extents of pollutants. Therefore, this study suggests using MVIK-M to probabilistically determine extents of pollutants in groundwater. 相似文献
77.
Application of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) for heavy metal analysis of soils in crop fields near abandoned mine sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Min Jang 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(3):207-216
To get representative soil samples, a sampling method was verified for crop fields in the vicinity of abandoned mine sites.
Application of appropriate sampling or analytical methods is very important as it affects the costs, time, and accuracy of
the refined investigation of soil contamination. Two-time sampling for each crop field was conducted to verify the reproducibility
of a zigzag method for soil sampling. The soil analysis using a portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) device was conducted to
measure concentrations of metal species in soils, and its results were compared to the extracted concentrations by the Korean
Standard Test (KST) for soils. As a result, the determination coefficient (R
2) of linear regression analysis for data obtained by ex situ precise measurement or in situ field screening using pXRF was
closely related with the ratio of the extracted concentration by KST to interference-free detection limits (IFDL) of pXRF
(designated as KST/IFDL). As the specific metal species had a higher ratio of KST/IFDL, its R
2 was even higher in the field screening tests. However, the slopes of linear regression analysis for most metal species extracted
by aqua-regia were close to 1.0 so that extracted concentrations by aqua-regia were similar to the analytical values obtained
by pXRF, whereas extraction using a weak acid (0.1 M HCl) had different slopes for soils contaminated with different ranges
of concentrations of metal species. Especially Zn showed not only high ratios of KST/IFDL because of aqua regia extraction,
but also high determination coefficients. Because of its simple, rapid, and accurate capacities for metal analysis, the pXRF
analysis showed high applicability in ex situ precise measurements or in situ field screening of metal analysis. In terms
of applicability for regulation, especially in situ pXRF field screening with the zigzag method could be effectively applied
to achieve an economical survey by determining hot spots or non-contaminated areas if aqua-regia was applied as the extracting
agent in the KST for soils. 相似文献
78.
Lee BT Ranville JF Wildeman TR Jang M Shim YS Ji WH Park HS Lee HJ 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(Z1):95-103
An initial reclamation of the Young Dong coal mine site, located in northeastern South Korea, was completed in 1995. Despite the filling of the adit with limestone, acid rock drainage (ARD) enters Young Dong tributary and is then discharged to Imgok Creek. This ARD carries an average of 500 mg CaCO(3)/l of mineral acidity, primarily as Fe(II) and Al. Before spring runoff, the flow of Imgok Creek is 3.3-4 times greater than that of the tributary and has an alkalinity of 100 mg CaCO(3)/l, which is sufficient to eliminate the mineral acidity and raise the pH to about 6.5. From April through September 2008, there were at least two periods of high surface flow that affects the flow of ARD from the adit. Flow of ARD reaches 2.8 m(3)/min during spring runoff. This raised the concentrations of Fe and Al in the confluence with Imgok Creek. However, by 2 km downstream the pH of the Imgok Creek is 6.5 and only dissolved Fe is above the Korean drinking water criteria (0.30 mg/l). This suggests only a minor impact of Young Dong Creek water on Imgok Creek. Acid digestion of the sediments in Imgok Creek and Young Dong Tributary reveals considerable abundances of heavy metals, which could have a long-term impact on water quality. However, several water-based leaching tests, which better simulate the bioavailable metals pool, released only Al, Fe, Mn, and Zn at concentrations exceeding the criteria for drinking water or aquatic life. 相似文献
79.
Soon-Ik Kwon Yeon-A Jang Gary Owens Min-Kyeong Kim Goo-Bok Jung Seung-Chang Hong Mi-Jin Chae Kwon-Rae Kim 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2014,36(3):409-419
The current study examined the anthropogenic accumulation and natural decrease in metal concentrations in agricultural soils following organic waste application. Three common organic wastes, including municipal sewage sludge, alcohol fermentation processing sludge, and pig manure compost (PMC), were applied annually to an agricultural soil under field conditions over 7 years (1994–2000) at a rate of 12.5, 25, and 50 ton ha?1 year?1 and the soil accumulation of three metals of concern (Cu, Pb, and Zn) was monitored. Subsequently, organic waste amendments ceased and the experimental plots were managed using conventional fertilization for another 10 years (2001–2010) and the natural decrease in metal concentrations monitored. Although Cu and Zn concentrations in all experimental plots did not exceed the relevant guideline values (150 mg kg?1 for Cu and 300 mg kg?1 for Zn), significant increases in metal concentrations were observed from cumulative application of organic wastes over 7 years. For instance, PMC treatment resulted in an increase in Cu and Zn from 9.8 and 72 mg kg?1 to 108.2 and 214.3 mg kg?1, respectively. In addition, the natural decrease in Cu and Zn was not significant as soils amended with PMC showed only a 16 and 19 % decline in Cu and Zn concentrations, respectively, even 10 years after amendment ceased. This research suggested that more attention must be paid during production of organic waste-based amendments and at the application stage. 相似文献
80.
Hyunhee Kim Yong-Chul Jang Yeonjung Hwang Youngjae Ko Hyunmyeong Yun 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(3):3