不同污泥源条件下ANAMMOX启动及其与反硝化协同脱氮对比

采用城市生活污水配水同时启动两组ASBR,R1接种好氧硝化污泥,R2按2∶1混合接种短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化污泥,研究2个ANAMMOX反应器启动的可行性及其差异。实验结果表明,R1和R2均可成功启动ANAMMOX,R1需130 d,R2仅需73 d;稳定期R1和R2反应器NH4+-N、NO2--N和TN去除率分别达95.30%、91.30%、76.28%和96.2%、98.3%、90.1%,且周期内NH4+-N、NO2--N和NO3--N降解规律相似;R1和R2反应器发生的主要反应为厌氧氨氧化,但同时存在反硝化作用;2组反应器稳定运行后污泥颜色、形态及微生物组成相似,经SEM观察多为球状菌。     

隧道-滑坡平行体系时间效应演化及变形破坏试验研究∗

通过4组隧道-滑坡平行体系模型试验,研究在不同工况下隧道-滑坡相互作用下的时间效应和变形破坏模式。结果表明:(1)隧道-滑坡平行体系单滑面情况滑坡推力在滑体内产生一种应力临界状态,该应力临界状态是处于拉、压应力变化过渡的一种状态,有一个时间传递变化的过程,即时间效应。(2)桥隧搭接桩基础支撑结构较无支撑结构会加速应力临界过渡状态的时间效应。(3)滑坡体内的滑坡推力,最先引起滑带位置附近的土体达到应力临界过渡状态,随着时间的推移,这种临界状态逐步由滑坡体后缘向前缘移动,滑坡破坏面上的每一点的时间与应变关系均会呈现不同的"S"型曲线特征,对于整个滑体而言,滑面上每一点的时间与应变关系曲线,在不同时刻呈现不同的线型特征。(4)桥隧搭接桩基础支撑结构较无支撑结构会延缓隧道模型的破坏,使得破坏断裂面向基岩内部延伸,且作用效果显著,但隧道模型整体的破坏处于基岩内。     

对氨基酚生产废水的综合治理技术研究

本文提供的对氨基酚生产废水综合治理技术，采用蒸发结晶法回收工艺废水中的对氨基酚和硫酸铵，采用甲苯萃取－蒸馏分离法回收共沸废水中的苯胺，采用梯度浓度优势菌－常规生化组合技术处理混合废水，投资６１０万元建设年产２０００ｔ对氨基酚生产废水治理工程，排水可达到国家污水综合排放二级水质标准，每这可回收硫酸铵３０６０ｔ，苯胺３９０ｔ，对氨基酚６０ｔ，年回收价值５８０万元，年利税合计１８７万元，实现了废水处理与     

湖南省城市声环境质量状况与变化分析

本文以2000~2009年湖南省主要城市声环境质量监测数据为基础,统计分析了10年来湖南省城市声环境质量状况与变化趋势。结果表明,2000~2009年湖南省城市声环境质量虽然得到逐年改善,但是2009年监测的城市主次干道中,有25.96%的路段等效声级超过70dB(A);所监测的约2880个城市区域噪声测点中,有36.42%的测点等效声级超过55dB(A)的标准限值;长沙、株洲、湘潭和岳阳等城市4类功能区夜间噪声超标现象较为普遍,湖南省城市环境噪声污染治理值得重视。     

Estimation methods and monitoring network issues in the quantitative estimation of land-based COD and TN loads entering the sea: a case study in Qingdao City,China

At present, the monitoring network of China cannot provide sufficient data to estimate land-based pollutant loads that enter the sea, and estimation methods are imprecisely used. In this study, the selection of monitoring stations, monitoring frequency, and pollutant load estimation methods was studied in Qingdao City, a typical coastal city in China, taken as an example. Land-based pollutant loads from Qingdao were estimated, and load distribution, density, and composition were analyzed to identify the key pollution source regions (SRs) that need to be monitored and controlled. Results show that the administrative land area of Qingdao can be divided into 25 sea-sink source regions (SSRs). A total of 14 more rivers and 62 industrial enterprises should be monitored to determine the comprehensive pollutant loads of the city. Furthermore, the monitoring frequency of rivers should not be less than three times/year; a monitoring frequency of five or more times is preferable. The findings on pollutant load estimation with the use of different estimation methods substantially vary; estimation results with the use of ratio-based methods were 10 and 22 % higher than those with the use of monitoring-based methods in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN), respectively. None-point sources contributed the majority of the pollutant loads at about 70 % of the total COD and 60 % of the total TN.     

李氏禾人工湿地净化Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体的性能研究简

利用湿生铬超富集植物李氏禾构建的三段式波形潜流式人工湿地，研究了湿地系统对Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体的净化效果。结果显示，李氏禾湿地系统对Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体的净化效果明显好于无植物的对照。当进水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为2.50 mg/L时，李氏禾湿地系统出水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度显著低于对照，说明李氏禾在湿地系统净化Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体中发挥了重要的作用。当进水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度超标150倍（7.50 mg/L）时，李氏禾湿地系统出水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度仍可达到国家地表水环境质量标准（0.05 mg/L），表明李氏禾湿地系统具有很强的Cr（Ⅵ）污染净化能力。沿程Cr（Ⅵ）浓度的变化显示，湿地系统对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效率随水流方向逐渐降低，Cr（Ⅵ）主要在湿地系统的前两个阶段被去除。     

多效膜蒸馏技术浓缩回收废水中的二甲基亚砜

利用具有内部潜热回收功能的气隙式多效膜蒸馏(MEMD)组件对含二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的化纤废水进行了浓缩回收研究,考察了料液中DMSO浓度、进料流量、进料温度和膜侧进口温度对膜通量、造水比、分离因子和回收率的影响。结果表明,多效膜蒸馏可以将DMSO废水浓缩至200~300 g/L;初始浓度为6.2 g/L时,造水比和分离因子最高值分别为12.4和76.0;虽然膜通量、造水比和分离因子均随料液浓度增大而下降,但是当DMSO浓度达到200 g/L时,膜通量、造水比、分离因子仍分别高达3.74 L/(m2·h)、7.1、32.1;在整个浓缩过程中,回收率维持在99.6%以上;当DMSO废水浓缩达到150 g/L以上时,含有少量DMSO的渗透液可作为二次料液继续用MEMD过程浓缩。膜组件在连续运行的1个月内保持了良好的操作性能。该实验研究表明,多效膜蒸馏过程可以高效节能地浓缩回收化纤废水中的DMSO。     

碳酸盐-硫酸盐矿物强化垃圾渗滤液厌氧处理研究

厌氧消化通常是垃圾渗滤液生物处理的首要环节,但处理效率不高.本研究尝试通过添加碳酸盐、硫酸盐等矿物来提高垃圾渗滤液的厌氧转化效率.研究共设置5组厌氧生物反应器,包括投加硬石膏、方解石、石膏、白云石的反应器及空白对照,考察添加矿物对垃圾渗滤液厌氧消化的影响.从实验结果可以看出,添加矿物的反应器中COD的去除率可以达到75%左右,而空白对照组去除率尚不足60%,添加矿物反应器甲烷产量显著高于对照.从反应器中的p H变化可以看出,矿物的添加可以提高溶液中的p H.研究结果表明,添加碳酸盐/硫酸盐矿物对垃圾渗滤液中的有机物厌氧消化过程具有重要的促进作用.     

宝鸡市街道尘埃磁学特征空间分布及环境意义

对宝鸡市街道尘埃样品进行详细系统环境磁学实验分析并结合扫描电子显微镜研究表明,宝鸡市街道尘埃中磁性矿物含量高,主要的磁性矿物为多畴和假单畴的低矫顽力亚铁磁性矿物,同时含有少量的赤铁矿等高矫顽力的硬磁性矿物.污染来源主要以工业和交通等人为污染为主.街道尘埃的磁学特征表现出一定的空间变化规律揭示出污染的空间分布,划分为6个主要区域:A(创新路到高新八路区域)和B(东风路和马营路区域),磁性物质含量整体很高,揭示污染相对较重,污染源主要为"工业+交通";C区(火炬路到医康区域)磁性物质含量相对较高,是中度污染的区域,污染源主要为"交通";D(经二路与人民路区域)、E(清姜路和姜谭路西部区域)和F(陈仓区虢镇),磁性物质含量相对较低,揭示轻度污染,污染源主要为"交通".     

Rewards and employee creative performance: Moderating effects of creative self‐efficacy,reward importance,and locus of control

The effects of extrinsic rewards on creative performance have been controversial, and scholars have called for the examination of the boundary conditions of such effects. Drawing upon expectancy theory, we attend to both reinforcement and self‐determination pathways that reveal the informational and controlling functions of creativity‐related extrinsic rewards. We further identify the individual dispositions that moderate these two pathways. Specifically, we propose that extrinsic rewards for creativity positively predict creative performance only when employees have high creative self‐efficacy and regard such rewards as important. We likewise propose that extrinsic rewards positively affect the intrinsic motivation of employees with an internal locus of control, thus enhancing their creative performance. Results based on a sample of 181 employee–supervisor dyads largely supported these expectations. The current analysis enriches the creativity literature by combining different perspectives in a coherent framework, by demonstrating the positive effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation, and by demonstrating that the rewards–creativity relationship varies across employees depending on their individual differences. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.