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141.
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Kuang YW Zhou GY Da Wen Z Liu SZ 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(4):270-275
Goal, Scope and Background Rapid urbanization and the expansion of industrial activities in the past several decades have led to large increases in emissions
of pollutants in the Pearl River Delta of south China. Recent reports have suggested that industrial emission is a major factor
contributing to the damages in current natural ecosystem in the Delta area. Tree barks have been used successfully to monitor
the levels of atmospheric metal deposition in many areas, but rarely in China. This study aimed at determining whether atmospheric
heavy metal deposition from a Pb-Zn smeltery at Qujiang, Guangdong province, could be accurately reflected both in the inner
bark and the outer bark of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.). The impact of the emission from smeltery on the soils beneath the trees and the relationships of the concentrations
between the soils and the barks were also analyzed.
Methods Barks around the bole of Pinus massoniana from a pine forest near a Pb-Zn smeltery at Qujiang and a reference forest at Dinghushan natural reserve were sampled with
a stainless knife at an average height of 1.5 m above the ground. Mosses and lichens on the surface barks were cleaned prior
to sampling. The samples were carefully divided into the inner bark (living part) and the outer bark (dead part) in the laboratory,
and dried and ground, respectively. After being dry-ashed, the powder of the barks was dissolved in HNO3. The solutions were analyzed for iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and cobalt
(Co) by inductively coupled plasmas emission spectrometry (ICP, PS-1000AT, USA) and Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) by graphite
furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS, ZEENIT 60, Germany). Surface soils (0–10 cm) beneath the sample trees were
also collected and analyzed for the selected metals.
Results and Discussion Concentrations of the selected metals in soils at Qujiang were far above their environmental background values in the area,
except for Fe and Mn, whilst at Dinghushan, they were far below their background values, except for Cd and Co. Levels of the
metals, in particular Pb and Zn, in the soils beneath the sample trees at Qujiang were higher than those at Dinghushan with
statistical significance. The result suggested that the pine forest soils at Qujiang had a great input of heavy metals from
wet and dry atmospheric deposition, with the Pb-Zn smeltery most probably being the source.
Levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni and Pb at Qujiang, both in the inner and the outer bark, were statistically higher than those
at Dinghushan. Higher concentrations of Pb, Fe, Zn and Cu may come from the stem-flow of elements leached from the canopy,
soil splash on the 1.5 m height and sorption of metals in the mosses and lichens growing on the bark, which were direct or
indirect results from the atmospheric deposition. Levels of heavy metals in the outer barks were associated well with the
metal concentrations in the soil, reflecting the close relationships between the metal atmospheric deposition and their accumulation
in the outer bark of Masson pine. The significant (p<0.01) correlations of Fe-Cu, Fe-Cr, Fe-Pb, Fe-Ni, Pb-Ni, and Pb-Zn in
the outer barks at Qujiang again suggested a common source for the metals. The correlation only occurred between Pb and Ni,
Cd and Co in the outer barks at Dinghushan, which suggested that those metals must possibly have other uncommon sources.
Conclusions Atmospheric deposition of the selected metals was great at Qujiang, based on the levels in the bark of Pinus massoniana and on the concentrations in the soils beneath the trees compared with that at Dinghushan. Bark of Pinus massoniana, especially the outer bark, was an indicator of metal loading at least at the time of sampling.
Recommendations and Perspectives The results from this study and the techniques employed constituted a new contribution to the development of biogeochemical
methods for environmental monitoring particularly in areas with high frequency of pollution in China. The method would be
of value for follow up studies aimed at the assessment of industrial pollution in other areas similar with the Pearl River
Delta. 相似文献
144.
Comparative studies on seasonal variations of metazooplankton in waters with different eutrophic states in Lake Taihu 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A comparative study on the metazooplankton community was conducted in three different eutrophic areas, including Lake Wulihu, Meiliang Bay and the central open water area, in Lake Taihu from Oct. 2003 to Sep. 2004. Forty metazooplankton species were identified in Lake Wulihu, 37 in Meiliang Bay, and 34 in the central open water area. The annual average abundance of metazooplankton was 218 ind. l(-1) in the central open water area, 309 ind. l(-1) in Meiliang Bay, and 384 ind. l(-1) in Lake Wulihu. In Lake Wulihu, rotifers, Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus angularis, were the dominant species, which contributed 20.9% and 17.2% to the total metazooplankton abundance. Bosmina coregoni and Ceriodaphnia cornuta were the dominant species, contributing 20.4% and 11.3% of the total in Meiliang Bay, and contributing 21.6% and 16.2% of the total in the central open water area. There was a significant positive relationship between rotifers abundance and Secchi transparency. Cladoceran and copepod abundance were positively correlated with total phosphorus and water temperature. Our results show that structures of metazooplankton community differ between the three lake areas with different eutrophic states in Lake Taihu. 相似文献
145.
植物根瘤内痕量Frankia DNA的提取及鉴定 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
建立了一种简捷、快速植物根瘤内痕量Frankia DNA的提取方法,即采集自然态下根瘤,剥离瘤瓣,取瘤瓣尖经液氮研主民粉末,以20g/L CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)消化胞壁,然后以d=5-10μm的石英粉吸附DNA,再以无菌去离子蒸馏水释放DNA,所获DNA产率及纯度较酚/氯仿法好。经对辽宁沙棘、色赤杨根瘤的瘤内痕量Frankia DNA及体外培养的9种Frankia菌株DNA分纯,并用于酶切及PCR,获满意结果。图3参12 相似文献
146.
147.
结合高空、地面实况观测数据以及1°×1°NCEP客观再分析资料,对2009年6月28日20时至29日20时(北京时)发生在三峡上游地区的一次区域暴雨过程进行了中尺度特征诊断,结果表明本次过程是东北低涡和副高稳定少动的大尺度环流背景形势下,由于高原低值系统在东移过程中与西南涡结合而产生的强降水天气过程。高原上不稳定能量的扰动和下传为西南涡的产生提供了必要能量条件,高低层的水汽平流和水汽辐合的交汇地带与最强降水带存在较好的一致性。另外,利用WRF中尺度数值模式对该次过程进行了数值模拟,结果显示在同化了地面和高空常规观测资料后,模式模拟效果得到明显改善,模拟降水能够大致体现该次过程的总的降水演变和分布情况,但后期模拟降水偏大。数值诊断结果发现,盆地西部与上升气流相伴的正涡度柱的演变过程与强降水的发生过程密切相关,该因子对于正确预报降水发生时间具有指示意义。 相似文献
148.
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150.
钢结构的抗连续倒塌能力一般取决于其抵抗局部损伤的能力,但这种能力往往取决于许多因素,目前还没有一个稳定可靠的判定方法。基于组件法建模原理将顶底角钢-腹板双角钢节点离散为多个对受力有贡献的基本组件,然后通过集成组件来模拟节点的受力特性,并依此构建了顶底角钢-腹板双角钢半刚性节点梁柱子结构的连续倒塌数值分析模型。结果表明:通过与试验结果比较,节点组件模型能较为准确地反映节点的断裂路径和受力发展过程,同时降低了计算成本。说明组件法在连续倒塌研究中具有重要的理论意义和应用价值,可作为连续倒塌研究的有利工具。 相似文献