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71.
Jukka Kekäläinen Yi-Te Lai Anssi Vainikka Ilkka Sirkka Raine Kortet 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2014,68(2):197-204
Despite that the existence of animal personalities is widely recognized, no consensus has been reached on the relative importance of different ecological factors behind their expression. Recently, it has been suggested that parasites may have a crucial role in shaping animal personalities, but only a very few studies have experimentally tested the idea. We infected Eurasian minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) with the brain-encysted trematode parasite, Diplostomum phoxini, and studied whether infection could modify the personality of their hosts. Our results show that D. phoxini infection did not affect the mean levels of boldness, activity or exploration, but infected minnows showed higher repeatability in boldness and activity, and reduced repeatability in exploration. We also found that D. phoxini may be able to break the associations (behavioral syndromes) between behavioral traits, but that this effect may be dependent on parasite intensity. Furthermore, the effect of D. phoxini infection on personality of the hosts was found to be nonlinearly dependent on infection intensity. Taken together, our results suggest that D. phoxini parasites may shape the personality of their hosts, but that behavioral consequences of ecologically relevant infection levels may be rather subtle and easily remain undetected if only the mean trait expressions are compared. 相似文献
72.
Huttunen JT Alm J Saarijärvi E Lappalainen KM Silvola J Martikainen PJ 《Chemosphere》2003,50(2):247-250
The springtime methane (CH4) emission from a small, eutrophied boreal lake was assessed during the winter ice-cover by measurement of gas ebullition and CH4 accumulation in the water column in association with the development of oxygen depletion after ice formation. The winter CH4 production was estimated to result in a loss of 3.6-7.9 g CH4 m(-2) from the lake to the atmosphere during the short period of ice melt. This could account for 22-48% of the annual CH4 emission from the pelagic zone of the lake. The contribution of winter to the annual CH4 release can be similar or even higher in seasonally ice-covered northern aquatic ecosystems than in northern terrestrial wetlands, thus winter must be considered in any studies into the aquatic CH4 emissions. The trophic state and wintertime oxygen conditions, linked to the changes in land-use in the catchments and climate, are important factors controlling the springtime lake CH4 emissions. 相似文献
73.
Food chain enrichment of organochlorine compounds and mercury in clean and polluted lakes of Finland
Jaakko Passivirta Jukka Särkkä Kari Surma-Aho Tarmo Humppi Tauno Kuokkanen Markku Marttinen 《Chemosphere》1983,12(2):239-252
Lakes polluted by pulp mill and urban wastes including chlorobleaching of pulp, semipolluted lakes and reference lakes in nearly natural condition in Central Finland were studied for contents of mercury, methyl mercury and organochlorine compounds in sediment, plankton, roach and pike. Chlorobleaching had caused a 30-fold concentration of Hg in bottom sediment related to that of the purest reference lake. This was not reflected to the mercury levels in fish which were highest at one natural condition (humic) lake and rather high also at semipolluted lake Päijänne. Mercury in fish was shown to be mostly methylated but not completely and its time trends could be estimated. Chloroform showed no but carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethylene and chlorinated cymenes significant bioaccumulation in fish. Levels of chlorophenols from bleaching had strongly decreased but pentachlorophenol and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorphenol levels remained related to earlier results. Using fat basis attenuated the power of estimation of food chain enrichment by a three throphic level model for lipohilic biocides and a strong proof was obtained of the enrichment of hexachlorobenzene. The time trends at Päijänne were decreasing for mercury and DDE but increasing for PCB. 相似文献
74.
Rask M Saxén R Ruuhijärvi J Arvola L Järvinen M Koskelainen U Outola I Vuorinen PJ 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2012,103(1):41-47
We summarize the patterns of 137Cs activity concentrations and transfer into fish and other biota in four small forest lakes in southern Finland during a twenty-year period following the Chernobyl accident in April 1986. The results from summer 1986 showed fastest accumulation of 137Cs into planktivorous fishes, i.e. along the shortest food chains. Since 1987, the highest annual mean values of 137Cs have been recorded in fish occupying the highest trophic levels, for perch (Perca fluviatilis) 13,600 Bq/kg (ww) and for pike (Esox lucius) 20,700 Bq/kg (ww). At the same time, activity concentrations of 137Cs in crustacean zooplankton and Asellus aquaticus have ranged between 1000 and 19,500 Bq/kg (dw). In 2006, 5-28% of the 1987 137Cs activity concentration levels were still present in perch and pike. Since 1989 their 137Cs activity concentrations in oligohumic seepage lakes have remained significantly higher than in polyhumic drainage lakes due to the increased transfer of 137Cs into fish in the seepage lakes with lower electrolyte concentrations, longer water retention times and lower sedimentation rate. 相似文献
75.
Iftekhar Sidra Heidari Golnaz Amanat Neda Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh Asif Muhammad Bilal Hassanpour Mahnaz Lehto Vesa Pekka Sillanpaa Mika 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(6):3697-3746
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The demand for valuable metals such as rare earth elements and platinum group metals is rising fast in the context of the depletion of natural resources... 相似文献