生物材料治理镉污染研究进展

近年来,生物材料以其经济、有效和无二次污染等特点,在重金属废水处理和土壤修复方面显示出了众多的优势·可替代传统的镉污染处理方法.综述了目前国内外生物材料在处理镉污染方面的研究进展,并对今后应用生物材料治理镉污染提出了一些建议.     

Ozone pollution and ozone biomonitoring in European cities. Part I: Ozone concentrations and cumulative exposure indices at urban and suburban sites

In the frame of a European research project on air quality in urban agglomerations, data on ozone concentrations from 23 automated urban and suburban monitoring stations in 11 cities from seven countries were analysed and evaluated. Daily and summer mean and maximum concentrations were computed based on hourly mean values, and cumulative ozone exposure indices (Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40), AOT20) were calculated. The diurnal profiles showed a characteristic pattern in most city centres, with minimum values in the early morning hours, a strong rise during the morning, peak concentrations in the afternoon, and a decline during the night. The widest amplitudes between minimum and maximum values were found in central and southern European cities such as Düsseldorf, Verona, Klagenfurt, Lyon or Barcelona. In the northern European cities of Edinburgh and Copenhagen, by contrast, maximum values were lower and diurnal variation was much smaller. Based on ozone concentrations as well as on cumulative exposure indices, a clear north–south gradient in ozone pollution, with increasing levels from northern and northwestern sites to central and southern European sites, was observed. Only the Spanish cities did not fit this pattern; there, ozone levels were again lower than in central European cities, probably due to the direct influence of strong car traffic emissions. In general, ozone concentrations and cumulative exposure were significantly higher at suburban sites than at urban and traffic-exposed sites. When applying the newly established European Union (EU) Directive on ozone pollution in ambient air, it was demonstrated that the target value for the protection of human health was regularly surpassed at urban as well as suburban sites, particularly in cities in Austria, France, northern Italy and southern Germany. European target values and long-term objectives for the protection of vegetation expressed as AOT40 were also exceeded at many monitoring sites.     

EuroBionet: a pan-European biomonitoring network for urban air quality assessment

EuroBionet, the 'European Network for the Assessment of Air Quality by the Use of Bioindicator Plants', is an EU-funded cooperative project currently consisting of public authorities and scientific institutes from 12 cities in 8 countries. In 2000, the bioindicator plants tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum Bel W3), poplar (Populus nigra 'Brandaris'), spiderwort (Tradescantia sp. clone 4430), Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum italicum) and curly kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) were exposed to ambient air at 90 monitoring sites according to standardised methods. Visible injuries and growth parameters were assessed and the accumulation of toxic substances in leaves determined. The exposure of tobacco resulted in a gradient with low levels of ozone-induced foliar injury in N and NW Europe, and medium to high values in the southern and central regions. The results of heavy metal and sulphur analyses in rye grass samples generally showed low to very low sulphur and low to medium heavy metal concentrations in leaves. In some cities, however, local hot spots of heavy metal contamination were detected. Analyses of the PAH contents in curly kale leaves gave low to medium values, with locally elevated levels at traffic-exposed sites.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of heptane in the gas-phase over TiO2.

In this paper, gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of heptane over UV-illuminated TiO2 was carried out at ambient temperature in a batch reactor. Complete oxidation of heptane with almost stoichiometric production of CO2 and H2O was observed. The intermediates detected were propanal, butanal, 3-heptanone, 4-heptanone and carbon monoxide. A scheme of the possible mechanism for PCO of heptane over TiO2 was suggested. Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics equation was obtained from the results at different initial concentrations of heptane, oxygen, moisture and light intensity. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be sustained indefinitely. This can be attributed to the production of water in the system, which can replenish the consumed hydroxyl radicals.     

海岛污水处理厂中水回用环境可行性分析—以平潭金井湾污水处理厂为例

基于污水处理厂的特点和区域的规划资料,本研究利用经验系数法、湖泊完全混合衰减方程和二维扩散方程解析解近似方程等方法,分析了平潭金井湾污水处理厂中水回用环境可行性。中水水量和水质可满足湖泊景观用水、冲厕用水、绿化用水、道路洒水等用途; 中水排入湖泊后可以满足相邻海域的环境功能区水质要求。在事故性排放情况下,湖泊出海口处的有小面积水域的水质超过了海域功能区的水质要求,应采取相应措施加强管理,防范事故性排放; 随着城市化的推进和工业的发展,中水用途将更趋于多样化。     

改性TiO2的制备、表征及光解水制氢性能研究

以陶粒为载体,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备B、Ni共掺杂陶粒负载纳米TiO2光催化剂。利用XRD,TG-DTA,FT-IR等手段对其组成、结构等进行分析和表征。以250 W紫外灯为光源,三乙胺为目标污染物和电子给体,考察了B-Ni2O3-TiO2/陶粒合成体降解污染物耦合光解水制氢的光催化性能;结果表明：所制得的B-Ni2O3-TiO2/陶粒催化剂具有较高的产氢效率,并探讨了焙烧温度、三乙胺溶液初始浓度等对催化剂光催化活性的影响。     

绿色交通与环境的可持续发展

汽车尾气是环境污染的重要来源之一。随着社会和人们对环境保护意识的增强,对道路交通汽车尾气的影响及防治越来越受到人们的重视。解决汽车污染问题．必须考虑中国国情,从环境保护、能源结构、城市建设（特别是道路建设）和汽车产业发展等方面入手,统筹使用清洁燃料、清洁的车辆技术,以及可持续的城市道路系统建设、环境管理措施,才能实现城市经济效益、社会效益和生态环境效益三者的统一。     

对复配菌群降解焦化废水优化条件的探讨

焦化废水属于含苯环的芳香类化合物和杂环化舍物的难降解有机废水。在正常条件下,难以取得很好效果,在复配茵群降解焦化废水生物处理工程中,只有在优良的环境条件下,复配菌群才能更好地生长、繁殖,从而达到最佳的处理效果。     

石化行业水环境污染事件分级初探

为规范应急管理工作,提高突发事件的应急救援反应速度和协调水平,增强综合处置重特大事件的能力,预防和控制次生灾害的发生,保障企业员工和公众的生命安全,最大限度地减少财产损失、环境破坏和社会影响,中国石化制定了《中国石化重特大事件应急预案》。     

基于地质环境评价的九江市区不同功能用地优化布局

从地质环境角度,对九江市区不同功能用地类型进行了系统划分,并针对划分的主要功能用地类型(居住及公共设施用地、工业及仓储用地、生态绿化用地)分别进行了地质环境适宜性评价,根据评价结果,结合九江市区的用地现状,提出了不同功能用地优化布局建议,为九江市区后期用地规划与调整提供了依据.