硬化路面与温度场响应模型研究

硬化路面是城市热环境效应影响因素中较为重要的一个因素.笔者在研究了深圳市城市热效应的基础上,建立了一个三维动态模型对硬化路面条件下的温度场进行模拟.通过将模型的计算结果和在深圳的实测结果进行对比,发现2条曲线吻合较好,模拟结果十分接近实测结果.模型模拟结果还证明了硬化路面由于铺筑的材料具有较大蓄热、导热的能力,而且透水性差,因此温度升降都很快,对城市的热效应贡献大;城市绿化隔离带对城市温度场具有很好的调节作用,因此合理配置城市中的绿地对城市区域微热环境的改善能够起到很好的作用.      

Relationship between groundwater cadmium and vicinity resident urine cadmium levels in the non-ferrous metal smelting area,China

● This study systematically examined the relationship between groundwater Cd and UCL. ● The study covered 211 UCL and sociological characteristic from nine groundwater samples. ● We found a significant positive correlation between groundwater Cd and UCL. ● Smoking status and education level also significantly affected UCL. Cadmium (Cd) has received widespread attention owing to its persistent toxicity and non-degradability. Cd in the human body is mainly absorbed from the external environment and is usually assessed using urinary Cd. Hunan Province is the heartland of the Chinese non-ferrous mining area, where several serious Cd pollution events have occurred, including high levels of Cd in the urine of residents. However, the environmental factors influencing high urinary Cd levels (UCLs) in nearby residents remain unclear. Therefore, 211 nearby residents’ UCLs and the corresponding sociological characteristics from nine groundwater samples in this area were analyzed using statistical analysis models. Groundwater Cd concentration ranged from 0.02 to 1.15 μg/L, aligning with class III of the national standard; the range of UCL of nearby residents was 0.37–36.60 μg/L, exceeding the national guideline of 0–2.5 μg/L. Groundwater Cd levels were positively correlated with the UCL (P < 0.001, correlation coefficient 95 % CI = 9.68, R² = 0.06). In addition, sociological characteristics, such as smoking status and education level, also affect UCL. All results indicate that local governments should strengthen the prevention and abatement of groundwater Cd pollution. This study is the first to systematically evaluate the relationship between groundwater Cd and UCL using internal and external environmental exposure data. These findings provide essential bases for relevant departments to reduce Cd exposure in regions where the heavy metal industry is globally prevalent.     

Low-temperature caproate production,microbial diversity,and metabolic pathway in xylose anaerobic fermentation

● Converting xylose to caproate under a low temperature of 20 °C by MCF was verified. ● Final concentration of caproate from xylose in a batch reactor reached 1.6 g/L. ● Changing the substrate to ethanol did not notably increase the caproate production. ● Four genera, including Bifidobacterium , were revealed as caproate producers. ● The FAB pathway and incomplete RBO pathway were revealed via metagenomic analysis. Mixed culture fermentation (MCF) is challenged by the unqualified activity of enriched bacteria and unwanted methane dissolution under low temperatures. In this work, caproate production from xylose was investigated by MCF at a low temperature (20 °C). The results showed that a 9 d long hydraulic retention time (HRT) in a continuously stirred tank reactor was necessary for caproate production (~0.3 g/L, equal to 0.6 g COD/L) from xylose (10 g/L). The caproate concentration in the batch mode was further increased to 1.6 g/L. However, changing the substrate to ethanol did not promote caproate production, resulting in ~1.0 g/L after 45 d of operation. Four genera, Bifidobacterium, Caproiciproducens, Actinomyces, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12, were identified as the enriched caproate-producing bacteria. The enzymes in the fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) pathway for caproate production were identified via metagenomic analysis. The enzymes for the conversion of (C_n+2)-2,3-Dehydroxyacyl-CoA to (C_n+2)-Acyl-CoA (i.e., EC 1.3.1.8 and EC 1.3.1.38) in the reverse β-oxidation (RBO) pathway were not identified. These results could extend the understanding of low-temperature caproate production.     

典型进口含铜原料熔炼烟气中重金属的释放特性

为了解我国进口含铜原料熔炼烟气中重金属的释放特性,以近年进口申报的铜精矿、铜锍、铜转炉渣和含铜污泥4种典型含铜原料为研究对象,通过高温管式炉模拟研究不同含铜物料、熔炼温度、熔剂添加比例等条件下,熔炼烟气中重金属的释放特性.结果表明,4种进口含铜原料熔炼烟气中As、Pb质量分数较高,进口铜精矿和含铜污泥熔炼烟气重金属质量...     

城市能源隧道开发潜力及效益分析北大核心CSCD

城市地区土地资源稀缺,使得20世纪以来城市地下空间的开发利用得以蓬勃发展。地下基础设施除了实现结构功能外,还可以作为浅层地热能采集系统与地层进行热量交换。在城市地区,交通隧道比建筑基础具有更广阔的作为能源地下结构的利用空间。以上海地铁为例,根据上海市的水文和地质环境,研究以城市尺度进行能源隧道建设的地热能开发潜力及其经济与社会效益。结果表明,与上海市2030年规划地铁线路同等规模的能源隧道的年度采集能量总量可达35亿kWh,经济收益超过15亿元,每年可减少CO_(2)排放量200万t以上,相当于上海市20%的住宅取暖或制冷所需的总能量,投入成本在10年左右可回收,说明能源隧道拥有巨大的开发潜力和广泛的应用前景。     

PAHs降解菌的分离、鉴定及降解能力测定

以芴、菲、蒽、芘为碳源和能源筛选、分离PAHs降解菌。14株能降解利用PAHs的菌株被分离。通过HPLC分析,在含芴、菲、蒽、芘的混合培养基质中10号菌的降解能力最强。研究它的降解性能和生长情况,表明该菌在混合反应体系中培养30d后对芴、菲、蒽、芘的降解率分别为95.27、90.46、28和80%;在只含一种PAH的单反应体系中该菌对芴、菲、蒽的降解能力提高,降解率分别可达98.91、94.32和52.17%,而对芘的降解能力则降低,降解率仅为62.47%。与混合PAHs培养体系相比,在单一PAH培养体系中,细菌的对数生长期缩短1/3。经生理生化鉴定和16SrDNA序列对比分析,确定10号菌株属于假单胞菌,命名为PseudomonasspFAP10。     

Multilevel air quality evolution in Shenyang: Impact of elevated point emission reduction

Visibility observed at different altitudes is favorable to understand the causes of air pollution. We conducted 4-years of observations of visibility at 2.8 and 60 m and particulate matter(PM) concentrations from 2015 to 2018 in Shenyang, a provincial city in Northeast China. The results indicated that visibility increased with the increasing height in winter(especially at night), and decreased with height in summer(especially at the daytime). PM concentration exhibited opposite vertical variati...     

流动注射分光光度法测定水中痕量氟化物

研究并建立了测定水中痕量氟化物的氟试剂（ＡＬＣ）－流动注射分光光度法。将水样注入到水载流中,与ＡＬＣ－Ｌａ丙酮水溶液混合,在５０℃时反应生成蓝色三元络合物,在分光光度计上于波长６１８ｍｍ处进行检测。Ｆ＾－测定的线性范围为０．０４－３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,检出限为０．０３６ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

Rapid treatment of atrazine-contaminated water by nickel/iron bimetallic system

The utility of nickel/iron in the remediation of atraz.ine-contaminated water was investigated. The experimental results showed that nickel/iron had effective catalytic activity in dechlorinating atraz.ine under acidic conditions. The dechlonnation reaction approximately followed the first-order kinetics under the experimental conditions( nickel/iron: 1.0 g/250 ml: Ca~r~ = 20.0 mg/L), the reaction rate increased with decreasing pH value of the reaction solution and increasing the proportion of Ni: Fe within 2.95 %. For condition with 2.95% nickel/iron, the reaction rate constants were 0.07518( R = 0.9927), 0.06212( R = 0.9846) and 0.00131 min^-1 ( R = 0.9.565) at pH = 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0, respectively. HPLC analysis was used to monitor the decline of atraz.ine concentration.     

高砷煤矿废水灌溉区土壤砷的分布特征探究

通过对贵州兴仁县交乐村高砷煤矿废水灌溉区土壤总砷的分布特征进行研究。文章对土壤总砷、pH值及有机质含量进行了分析,结果表明,污灌区土壤砷的含量最高达237.55mg/kg,最低为24.20mg/kg,平均As含量为85.62mg/kg,均高于世界、中国及贵州黄壤中的平均水平;pH平均值为5.12,属酸性土壤;有机质含量普遍偏高;高砷煤矿废水灌溉导致了灌区土壤中砷的累积。灌溉方式影响了土壤中砷的迁移与分布情况,土壤中砷的含量,随着与灌溉水源距离的增加而急剧降低。研究区土壤中砷的迁移较缓慢,但有向下游逐渐扩散的趋势。土壤总砷含量受到了pH值和有机质影响,但与两者的相关性并不明显。