活性炭吸附和两级Fenton氧化组合工艺处理高盐对氨基苯酚生产废水

采用活性炭吸附和两级Fenton氧化组合工艺对高盐度对氨基苯酚生产废水进行了处理实验研究。结果表明,p H值对活性炭去除有机物的影响较小。当活性炭投加量为4 g/L时,TOC去除率61%。分级加药可以有效提高Fenton氧化对有机物的去除效率。在温度为25℃、p H为3、30%H2O2投加量为3%(V/V)、Fe2+/H2O2摩尔比为0.05时,两级Fenton氧化处理后,出水TOC降至150 mg/L以下。此外,Fenton氧化后形成氢氧化铁污泥颗粒粒径为4.5μm,经过聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)絮凝之后,污泥的粒径明显增加,过滤特性改善。PAM絮凝效果依赖于溶液的p H值,当p H超过10后会失去作用,故在使用过程中需要严格控制溶液的p H值。     

皂素和柠檬酸复合淋洗土壤中的钍

采用振荡淋洗和土柱动态淋洗实验研究了皂素和柠檬酸复合对土壤中钍的淋洗性能。实验结果表明:将质量浓度为20 g/L的皂素与浓度为20 mmol/L的柠檬酸以体积比1∶10配制复合淋洗液对污染土壤中钍的去除效果最佳,淋洗3.0 h,钍去除率为84.98%;准一级动力学方程能更好地描述复合淋洗液对钍的淋洗动力学特征;动态淋洗实验中当复合淋洗液用量为1 600 mL时,钍的累积去除量为73.66 mg/kg;淋洗后土壤中钍的酸可提取态、氧化结合态和有机结合态含量分别减少了79.63%、38.13%和20.34%,残渣态含量变化不大;淋洗后土壤中钍的稳定性增加。     

Distribution Characteristics and Implication of n-alkanes in Soils and Plants in Alpine Meadow

Russian Journal of Ecology - The present study was conducted to investigate the n-alkane composition of typical alpine meadows. Plant and soil samples were collected and analyzed to characterize...     

CWPO体系中污泥炭催化降解头孢氨苄废水

通过加入正丁醇以共沸蒸馏法对剩余污泥进行脱水,再对污泥进行干燥、焙烧和改性得到污泥炭催化剂.将污泥炭催化剂用于催化湿式过氧化氢氧化体系,处理头孢氨苄废水.采用响应面法中的中心组合设计实验,考察反应温度、初始pH和过氧化氢投加量对TOC降解率的影响,反应温度和过氧化氢投加量具有显著交互作用.在最佳实验条件下(T=50℃、pH=3.00、H_2O_2=0.071 mol·L~(-1)),TOC去除率为59%,接近预测的TOC去除率(60%),在95%的置信区间内,说明该模型可靠.SEM、TEM、TPD-MS、XPS和FT-IR等分析结果表明污泥炭表面存在纳米尺寸片状结构,这种结构中存在酚羟基、羰基、羧基等活性官能团和醌类结构,且ICP-OES、EDAX和~(57)Fe穆斯堡尔谱等分析结果表明,污泥炭中含有不同价态的Fe,能有效地催化过氧化氢分解,将头孢氨苄转化为苯甲酸、丁二酮等小分子物质,再进一步完全氧化.     

一株耐低温石油降解菌的鉴定及降解特性

在低温条件下(15℃),从抚顺石油二厂曝气池活性污泥中驯化和分离得到一株以柴油为碳源的降解菌株Q21,通过菌体形态、生理生化反应特性和16S rDNA基因测序分析对其进行鉴定.菌株Q21为琼式不动杆菌(Acinetobacter junii),该菌株利用柴油生长的最佳条件为:接种量为10%,生长温度为15℃,pH值为7.0,摇床转速为150 r·min-1,盐度为0.5%~1.0%,降解率为71.50%;降解后的残油组分经GC-MS分析结果表明,菌株Q21能降解柴油中所含的C9~C24之间大部分烷烃.     

跨区域生态合作利益冲突的动态演化博弈分析

跨区域的生态合作是破解我国生态环境保护困境的途径之一,参与博弈各方的利益冲突情况是决定生态合作能否顺利开展的关键。采用非对称动态演化博弈模型对博弈过程中各方的利益冲突进行分析,结果表明:演化博弈的最终结局只与保护实施方的决策有关;政府干预可以显著改善生态合作的博弈结果;政府对跨区域生态合作结局的调整主要通过两条途径,其一是影响博弈双方的初始状态,其二是影响博弈双方的策略调整速度;政府干预并非总是带来好的生态保护结局。最后,在博弈均衡的基础上为我国跨区域生态合作提供了政策建议。     

“引江济太”过程中塑化剂类污染物的输入特征和环境健康风险评价

为了解"引江济太"过程中塑化剂类污染物对贡湖的输入特征,于2013年8月对14个采样点的7种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs)的浓度进行采样分析,并通过美国环保署(USEPA)推荐的方法,对其环境风险进行评价.结果表明:各采样点邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP)均有检出,除采样点10、11和12外,邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)也有检出,其余4种均未检出,长江引水经望虞河进入贡湖后,DEP、DBP和DCHP浓度均有不同程度的降低,且其最高浓度均出现在望虞河长江引水处(采样点1),说明在引水过程中长江水对望虞河有明显的PAEs输入,而贡湖锡东水厂DEP浓度高于贡湖其他采样点,南泉水厂DBP和DCHP浓度高于贡湖其他采样点,金墅湾水厂PAEs浓度总体处于较低水平.环境健康风险评价结果显示:DEP的最大非致癌风险值为3.91×10-8a~(-1),未超过国际组织规定范围,而DBP的最大非致癌风险值为1.17×10-5a~(-1),超过英国皇家协会RS规定的1×10-6a~(-1),但均对人体无明显非致癌危害.     

Impact of dissolved organic matter on the photolysis of the ionizable antibiotic norfloxacin

Norfloxacin (NOR), an ionizable antibiotic frequently used in the aquaculture industry, has aroused public concern due to its persistence, bacterial resistance, and environmental ubiquity. Therefore, we investigated the photolysis of different species of NOR and the impact of a ubiquitous component of natural water — dissolved organic matter (DOM), which has a special photochemical activity and normally acts as a sensitizer or inhibiter in the photolysis of diverse organics; furthermore, scavenging experiments combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were performed to evaluate the transformation of NOR in water. The results demonstated that NOR underwent direct photolysis and self-sensitized photolysis via hydroxyl radical (·OH) and singlet oxygen (¹O₂) based on the scavenging experiments. In addition, DOM was found to influence the photolysis of different NOR species, and its impact was related to the concentration of DOM and type of NOR species. Photolysis of cationic NOR was photosensitized by DOM at low concentration, while zwitterionic and anionic NOR were photoinhibited by DOM, where quenching of UOH predominated according to EPR experiments, accompanied by possible participation of excited triplet-state NOR and ¹O₂. Photo-intermediate identification of different NOR species in solutions with/without DOM indicated that NOR underwent different photodegradation pathways including dechlorination, cleavage of the piperazine side chain and photooxidation, and DOM had little impact on the distribution but influenced the concentration evolution of photolysis intermediates. The results implied that for accurate ecological risk assessment of emerging ionizable pollutants, the impact of DOM on the environmental photochemical behavior of all dissociated species should not be ignored.     

出口欧盟家用烹饪电炉灶的性能法规及测试标准研究

本文对出口欧盟家用烹饪电炉灶的性能法规及测试标准进行了研究,并与国内现行标准进行了对比分析。欧盟发布的No 66/2014法规对家用烹饪电炉灶的能耗限值作出强制性要求。IEC 60350-2提供了该类产品性能测试的指导方法。深入了解相关的法规条例和标准内容,可以帮助中国企业更好的"走出去"。     

Changes in the heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbon contents in seawater and surface sediment in the year following artificial reef construction in the Pearl River Estuary,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Marine pollution is an important driver of ocean biodiversity loss, which can be mitigated by the construction of artificial reefs (ARs). Many studies...