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61.
Laura Jean Wilcox Robert S. Bowman Nabil G. Shafike 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(6):1595-1603
Abstract: Previous investigations observed significant seepage losses from the Rio Grande to the shallow aquifer between Socorro and San Antonio, New Mexico. High‐resolution telescopic modeling was used along a 10‐km reach of the Rio Grande and associated drains and canals to evaluate several management alternatives aimed at improving river conveyance efficiency. Observed data consisted of ground‐water and surface‐water elevations, seepage rates along the Rio Grande and associated canals and drains, and borehole geology. Model calibration was achieved by adjusting hydraulic conductivity and specific storage until the output matched observed data. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the system was responsive to changes in hydrogeologic properties, especially when such alterations increased vertical connectivity between layers. The calibrated model predicted that removal of the low flow conveyance channel, a major channel draining the valley, would not only decrease river seepage by 67%, but also decrease total flow through the reach by 75%. The decreased flow through the reach would result in increased water logging and an average increase in ground‐water elevations of 1.21 meter. Simulations of the system with reduced riparian evapotranspiration rates or a relocated river channel also predicted decreased river seepage, but to a much lesser degree. 相似文献
62.
Climate change, drought risk and land capability for agriculture: implications for land use in Scotland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Iain Brown Laura Poggio Alessandro Gimona Marie Castellazzi 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(3):503-518
Land capability classification systems define and communicate biophysical limitations on land use, including climate, soils
and topography. They can therefore provide an accessible format for both scientists and decision-makers to share knowledge
on climate change impacts and adaptation. Underlying such classifications are complex interactions that require dynamic spatial
analysis, particularly between soil and climate. These relationships are investigated using a case study on drought risk for
agriculture in Scotland, which is currently considered less significant than wetness-related issues. The impact of drought
risk is assessed using an established empirical system for land capability linking indicator crops with water availability.
This procedure is facilitated by spatial interpolation of climate and soil profile data to provide soil moisture deficits
and plant available water on a regular 1-km grid. To evaluate potential impacts of future climate change, land capability
classes are estimated using both large-scale ensemble (multi-simulation) data from the HadRM3 regional climate model and local-scale
weather generator data (UKCP09) derived from multiple climate models. Results for the case study suggest that drought risk
is likely to have a much more significant influence on land use in the future. This could potentially act to restrict the
range of crops grown and hence reduce land capability in some areas unless strategic-level adaptation measures are developed
that also integrate land use systems and water resources with the wider environment. 相似文献
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Joke Muys Yves Jacquemyn Bettina Blaumeiser Laura Bourlard Nathalie Brison Saskia Bulk Patrizia Chiarappa Anne De Leener Marjan De Rademaeker Julie Désir Anne Destrée Koenraad Devriendt Annelies Dheedene Armelle Duquenne Annelies Fieuw Erik Fransen Jean-Stéphane Gatot Mauricette Jamar Sandra Janssens Jorien Kerstjens Kathelijn Keymolen Damien Lederer Björn Menten Bruno Pichon Sonia Rombout Yves Sznajer Ann Van Den Bogaert Kris Van Den Bogaert Joris Vermeesch Katrien Janssens 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(10):1272-1283
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Marcelo Felix Alonso Karla Maria Longo Saulo R. Freitas Rafael Mello da Fonseca Virginie Marécal Michel Pirre Laura Gallardo Klenner 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(39):5072-5083
This work describes the development of an urban vehicle emissions inventory for South America, based on the analysis and aggregation of available inventories for major cities, with emphasis on its application in regional atmospheric chemistry modeling. Due to the limited number of available local inventories, urban emissions were extrapolated based on the correlation between city vehicle density and mobile source emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Emissions were geographically distributed using a methodology that delimits urban areas using high spatial resolution remote sensing products. This numerical algorithm enabled a more precise representation of urban centers. The derived regional inventory was evaluated by analyzing the performance of a chemical weather forecast model in relation to observations of CO, NOx and O3 in two different urban areas, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte. The gas mixing ratios simulated using the proposed regional inventory show good agreement with observations, consistently representing their hourly and daily variability. These results show that the integration of municipal inventories in a regional emissions map and their precise distribution in fine scale resolutions are important tools in regional atmospheric chemistry modeling. 相似文献
70.
Increasingly, a key component in the financial success of developing and operating domestic and international energy projects is the management of environmental issues. This article outlines an environmental management system for developing and acquiring power projects. The specific issues addressed include the development and communication of an environmental policy and the development and use of environmental expectations. These expectations are designed to manage the environmental components of the dynamic development process and provide a framework for enhancing team effectiveness in addressing environmental issues. Examples of expectations for each development phase are provided. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献