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991.
二氧化钛复合型催化剂制备及其微波辅助催化氧化甲苯性能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
实验采用溶胶凝胶法和传统浸渍法制备了TiO2-分子筛复合载体及复合载体负载过渡金属与稀土元素催化剂,通过微波辅助催化氧化甲苯的性能实验考察其催化活性.结果表明,复合TiO2明显提高了载体结构的稳定性与耐温性,并使过渡金属铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)和稀土元素铈(Ce)等活性组分在催化剂表面的分散更均匀;在复合载体吸附、吸波性能与多相活性组分催化的共同作用下,Cu-Mn-Ce/TiO2-分子筛催化剂微波辅助催化氧化甲苯的完全燃烧温度仅为175℃,此时甲苯去除率可达99%;15 h的连续性实验表明,TiO2复合型催化剂具有良好的催化活性与稳定性.由催化剂表征分析结果可知,活性组分颗粒的均匀分布与铜、锰氧化物及铜锰尖晶石固溶物等活性相的存在促进了甲苯的催化氧化,锐钛矿型TiO2较高的电子迁移速率与催化剂孔径的增大均有助于甲苯的氧化降解. 相似文献
992.
以淡水底栖动物颤蚓(淡水单孔蚓)为受试生物,研究了沉积物中六氯苯(HCB)对淡水单孔蚓14 d和28 d的毒性效应.结果表明,沉积物中HCB对颤蚓致死效应较低,当HCB浓度为190 mg· kg-,连续暴露28 d时,致死率低于8%.但HCB对颤蚓具有较强的慢性毒性效应,当HCB浓度为190 mg·kg-1,连续暴露28 d时,身体自断率高达90%,并且随着浓度升高和暴露时间延长,颤蚓自断率明显增高.HCB对颤蚓自断14 d和28 d的EC50分别为>190 mg·kg-1和97.1 mg· kg-1.HCB对颤蚓行为(运动和挖掘)产生明显抑制作用.随着HCB浓度增加和暴露时间延长,颤蚓运动强度减弱,并伴随摄食量减少与体重减轻现象. 相似文献
993.
994.
碳源对厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能影响的试验研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
分别研究了无机碳源和有机碳源对厌氧氨氧化反应脱氮性能的影响。接种稳定运行的复合式UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器污泥至ASBR反应器进行批式试验,考察不同碳酸氢钠浓度及COD浓度条件下的氮素转化情况,研究碳源对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效果的影响。厌氧氨氧化反应适宜的进水碳酸氢钠浓度为1.5~2.0 mg/L,超过30 mg/L时有机碳源的存在对厌氧氨氧化反应产生抑制作用,COD浓度超过60 mg/L时反应器表现出反硝化特性。无机碳源对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响表现在提供充足碳源和调节反应器pH的综合作用,较高浓度的COD对厌氧氨氧化反应具有抑制作用。 相似文献
995.
北京市居家空气微生物粒径及分布特征研究 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
室内外空气微生物对人们健康的危害不仅与微生物的种类和浓度有关,而且还与微生物粒子的大小及粒径分布特征密切相关,并且不同粒径的空气微生物对人们健康影响的作用机制不同.在北京市不同方向选取31户有1~10岁儿童的家庭进行空气微生物取样,系统研究了室内家庭空气微生物粒径及分布特征.结果表明,室内空气细菌和真菌粒径分布特征不随家庭环境、季节特征、儿童性别、房屋结构的变化而变化,但空气细菌和真菌的粒径分布特征不同.总体上空气细菌和真菌粒径均呈对数正态分布,但空气细菌粒子百分比从Ⅰ级(>8.2μm)到Ⅴ级(1.0~2.0μm)逐渐增加,Ⅵ级(<1.0μm)细菌粒子百分比急剧下降,最高值出现在Ⅴ级,而空气真菌粒径百分比从Ⅰ级~Ⅳ级(2.0~3.5μm)逐渐增加,而后从Ⅳ级~Ⅵ级真菌粒径百分比急剧下降,最高值出现在Ⅳ级.不同优势真菌属的粒径分布也不相同,枝孢属、青霉属和曲霉属呈对数正态分布,最高值出现在Ⅳ级,而链格孢属为偏态分布,最高值出现在Ⅱ级(5.0~10.4μm).室内空气细菌的中值直径明显大于空气真菌,1 a中空气细菌和真菌春、夏、秋季的粒径明显大于冬季. 相似文献
996.
The identities and concentrations of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) were determined by ion chromatography throughout a 20-m water column in Hongfeng Lake, China. The spatiotemporal variations of LMWOAs and their contributions to dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a research period of 24 hr were also investigated. The results demonstrated that five LMWOAs (lactic, acetic, pyruvic, sorbic, oxalic acid) were detected, and their total concentration and proportion in DOC were 6.55 μmol/L and 7.47%. Their average levels were 2.50, 0.65, 2.35, 0.96 and 0.09 μmol/L, respectively. LMWOAs were higher during daytime (10:00-18:00 on Jun 13, 2008) than nighttime (21:00-6:00 the next morning), in particular 4.99 μmol/L high in the epilimnion ( 1 m water depth), reflecting the fact that direct import from terrigenous sources and photochemical production from humic materials were dominant during LMWOAs’ origin and accumulation. The same factors caused LMWOAs to be 0.63 μmol/L in the epilimnion higher than in the hypolimnion. The rapid decrease of total organic acid (TOA) up until 18:00 mainly resulted from bio-uptake and mineralization in the hypolimnion (>1 m water depth). Pyruvic acid increased with time in the epilimnion and decreased in the hypolimnion, largely related to the two contrary processes of continuous degradation and synthesis of macromolecular organic matter during life materials’ cycle mediated by organisms. Simultaneously, plankton behavior and thermal stratification played a pivotal role in LMWOAs’ behavior in the water column, causing decreasing and increasing profiles. The distribution of LMWOAs represents an interesting resource for biogeochemical research of DOM in aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
997.
Sulfur speciation and bioaccumulation in camphor tree leaves as atmospheric sulfur indicator analyzed by synchrotron radiation XRF and XANES 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jianrong Zeng Guilin Zhang Liangman Bao Shilei Long Mingguang Tan Yan Li Chenyan M Yidong Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(3):605-612
Analyzing and understanding the effects of ambient pollution on plants is getting more and more attention as a topic of environmental biology.A method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was established to analyze the sulfur concentration and speciation in mature camphor tree leaves (CTLs),which were sampled from 5 local fields in Shanghai,China.Annual SO2 concentration,SO42-concentration in atmospheric particulate,SO42-and sulfur concentration in soil were also analyzed to explore the relationship between ambient sulfur sources and the sulfur nutrient cycling in CTLs.Total sulfur concentration in mature camphor tree leaves was 766-1704 mg/kg.The mainly detected sulfur states and their corresponding compounds were +6 (sulfate,include inorganic sulfate and organic sulfate),+5.2 (sulfonate),+2.2 (suloxides),+0.6 (thiols and thiothers),+0.2 (organic sulfides).Total sulfur concentration was strongly correlated with sulfate proportion with a linear correlation coefficient up to 0.977,which suggested that sulfur accumulated in CTLs as sulfate form.Reduced sulfur compounds (organic sulfides,thiols,thioethers,sulfoxide and sulfonate) assimilation was sufficed to meet the nutrient requirement for growth at a balanced level around 526 mg/kg.The sulfate accumulation mainly caused by atmospheric sulfur pollution such as SO2 and airborne sulfate particulate instead of soil contamination.From urban to suburb place,sulfate in mature CTLs decreased as the atmospheric sulfur pollution reduced,but a dramatic increase presented near the seashore,where the marine sulfate emission and maritime activity pollution were significant.The sulfur concentration and speciation in mature CTLs effectively represented the long-term biological accumulation of atmospheric sulfur pollution in local environment. 相似文献
998.
Li Xu Tieyu Wang Wei Luo Kun Ni Shijie Liu Lin Wang Qiushuang Li Yonglong Lu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(3):561-568
Topsoil samples from 61 sites around the Guanting Reservoir,China,were measured for Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb and As concentrations.The mean concentrations of Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb and As were 16.8,59.4,37.8,18.3,0.32,20.1 and 8.67 mg/kg dry weight,respectively.Factors that influence the dynamics of these metals in soils around the watersheds of Beijing reservoirs were examined.The influence of atmospheric deposition,land use,soil texture,soil type and soil chemical parameters on metal contents in soils was investigated.Atmospheric deposition,land use and soil texture were the important factors affecting heavy metal residues.Soil type and soil chemical parameters were also involved in heavy metal retention in soils.The data provided in this study are considered crucial for reservoir remediation,especially since the Guanting Reservoir will serve as one of the main drinking water sources for Beijing in the foreseeable future. 相似文献
999.
Occurrence and distribution of hexabromocyclododecane in sediments from seven major river drainage basins in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Honghua Li Hongtao Shang Pu Wang Yawei Wang Haidong Zhang Qinghua Zhang Guibin Jiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(1):69-76
The concentrations and geographical distribution of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) were investigated in 37 composite surface sediments from seven major river drainage basins in China, including Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Liaohe River, Haihe River, Tarim River and Ertix River. The detection frequency of HBCD was 54%, with the concentrations ranged from below limit of detection (LOD) to 206 ng/g dry weight. In general, the geographical distribution showed increasing trends from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the rivers and from North China to Southeast China. Compared to other regions in the world, the average concentration of HBCD in sediments from Yangtze River drainage basin was at relatively high level, whereas those from other six river drainage basins were at lower or similar level. The highest HBCD concentration in sediment from Yangtze River Delta and the highest detection frequency of HBCD in Pearl River drainage basins suggested that the industrial and urban activities could evidently affect the HBCD distribution. HBCD diastereoisomer profiles showed that γ-HBCD dominated in most of the sediment samples, followed by α- and β-HBCD, which was consistent with those in the commercial HBCD mixtures. Further risk assessment reflected that the average inventories of HBCD were 18.3, 5.87, 3.92, 2.50, 1.77 ng/cm 2 in sediments from Pearl River, Haihe River, Tarim River, Yellow River and Yangtze River, respectively. 相似文献
1000.
A full-scale oxidation ditch process for treating sewage was simulated with the ASM2d model and optimized for minimal cost with acceptable performance in terms of ammonium and phosphorus removal. A unified index was introduced by integrating operational costs (aeration energy and sludge production) with effluent violations for performance evaluation. Scenario analysis showed that,in comparison with the baseline (all of the 9 aerators activated), the strategy of activating 5 aerators could save aeration energy significantly with an ammonium violation below 10%. Sludge discharge scenario analysis showed that a sludge discharge flow of 250–300 m3/day (solid retention time (SRT), 13–15 days) was appropriate for the enhancement of phosphorus removal without excessive sludge production. The proposed optimal control strategy was: activating 5 rotating disks operated with a mode of "111100100" ( "1"represents activation and "0" represents inactivation) for aeration and sludge discharge flow of 200 m3/day (SRT, 19 days). Compared with the baseline, this strategy could achieve ammonium violation below 10% and TP violation below 30% with substantial reduction of aeration energy cost (46%) and minimal increment of sludge production (< 2%). This study provides a useful approach for the optimization of process operation and control. 相似文献