Removal of Ni(II) from strongly acidic wastewater by chelating precipitation and recovery of NiO from the precipitates

Strongly acidic wastewater produced in nonferrous metal smelting industries often contains high concentrations of Ni(II), which is a valuable metal. In this study, the precipitation of Ni(II) from strongly acidic wastewater using sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) as the precipitant was evaluated. The effects of various factors on precipitation were investigated, and the precipitation mechanism was also identified. Finally, the nickel in the precipitates was recovered following a pyrometallurgical method. The results show that, under optimised conditions (DDTC:Ni(II) molar ratio = 4:1; temperature = 25 °C), the Ni(II) removal efficiency reached 99.3% after 10 min. In strongly acidic wastewater, the dithiocarbamate group of DDTC can react with Ni(II) to form DDTCNi precipitates. Further recovery experiments revealed that high-purity NiO can be obtained by the calcination of DDTCNi precipitates, with the nickel recovery efficiency reaching 98.2%. The gas released during the calcination process was composed of NO₂, CS₂, H₂O, CO₂, and SO₂. These results provide a basis for an effective Ni(II) recovery method from strongly acidic wastewater.     

成都市环境污染源初探

选择成都某工矿企业,以元素地球化学评价为主体,利用X荧光分析方法对表层土、深层土、煤渣、煤灰、浮尘样的4个重金属元素进行定量分析,初步进行工矿企业周边生态环境评价,进而评价工矿企业对成都市环境的影响状况。研究结果表明,工矿企业燃媒是影响城市环境的一个主要污染源。     

Metagenomic insights into responses of microbial population and key functional genes to fulvic acid during partial nitritation

The long-term impact of fulvic acid (FA) on partial nitritation (PN) system was initially examined in this study. The obtained results revealed that the FA lower than 50 mg/L had negligible effect on the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR nearly 100%) and ammonium removal rate (ARR 56.85%), while FA over 50 mg/L decreased ARR from 56.85% to 0.7%. Sludge characteristics analysis found that appropriate FA (<50 mg/L) exposure promoted the settling performance and granulation of PN sludge by removing Bacteroidetes and accumulating Chloroflexi. The analysis of metagenomics suggested that the presence of limited FA (0-50 mg/L) stimulated the generation of NADH, which favors the denitrification and nitrite reduction. The negative impact of FA on the PN system could be divided into two stages. Initially, limited FA (50-120 mg/L) was decomposed by Anaerolineae to stimulate the growth and propagation of heterotrophic bacteria (Thauera). Increasing heterotrophs competed with AOB (Nitrosomonas) for dissolved oxygen, causing AOB to be eliminated and ARR to declined. Subsequently, when FA dosage was over 120 mg/L, Anaerolineae were inhibited and heterotrophic bacteria reduced, resulting in the abundance of AOB recovered. Nevertheless, the ammonium transformation pathway was suppressed because genes amoABC and hao were obviously reduced, leading to the deterioration of reactor performance. Overall, these results provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of PN for the treatment of FA-containing sewage.     

21世纪矿产资源经济展望

简要阐明了矿产资源经济、矿产经济和矿业经济基本概念和相互关系 ,在对我国内外矿产资源特点与需求分析基础上 ,探讨了21世纪矿产资源经济的基本问题 ,提出我国21世纪的矿产资源勘查评价的科学问题。     

冷凝法回收油气问题的探讨

着重探讨在石油化工厂中利用引进的ＤＥ４８００型油气回收装置回收轻质油品装车系统油气的经济效益与社会效益     

活性污泥法的多变量最优控制Ⅲ.限制最高和同时限制平均与最高出水BOD浓度

在前文的基础上，进一步研究了更常用的限制最高和同时限制平均与最高出水有机物浓度两种排放标准的约束条件下，使其运行费用最省的最优周期控制问题。计算结果都表明，最优控制变量ＱＷ和ＤＯ的变化规律都尽可能使其满足的约束条件和节省运行费用，但是，当进水负荷变化幅度非常大时，任何控制也难于使出水水质达标，而运行费用还会大幅度增大。     

MAP法处理垃圾渗滤液高浓度氨氮的研究

采用MAP法去除垃圾渗滤液中高浓度的氨氮,通过对正交实验和单因素实验确定最佳运行条件为pH值为10.0,反应时间为60min,Mg:N:P摩尔比为1.2:1.0:1.2,此时氨氮的去除率为73.1%,出水磷的浓度为56.3mg/L.     

植物化感作用在抑藻方面的研究进展

藻类爆发性生长是水体富营养化带来的问题之一,利用植物化感作用抑制藻类生长具有生态安全和快速高效的优点,对湖泊富营养化的生态控制具有非常重要的意义.本文介绍了利用植物化感作用抑制藻类生长的研究进展和现状,并讨论了植物化感抑藻作用研究过程中所使用的方法、化感作用的机制、抑藻机理及化感物质的分离方法.最后对植物化感作用在抑藻方面的研究前景进行了展望.     

铅染毒导致小鼠DNA损伤与氧化损伤

为了研究亚急性铅暴露对小鼠的遗传毒性及氧化损伤的诱导,将不同剂量的醋酸铅对小鼠隔日灌胃4周,用彗星实验检测其外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤,并测定肝组织中活性氧自由基(ROS)的水平和脂质过氧化主要终产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量.结果显示,随染铅剂量的增加,小鼠肝线粒体中的ROS水平明显升高,染铅剂量为500 mg·kg-1组与对照组相比有显著性差异;肝MDA含量以及淋巴细胞尾长和尾相显著增加,染铅剂量为50、100、500 mg·kg-1组与对照组相比均有显著性差异;MDA与尾长和尾相的变化趋势一致.诱导产生自由基并导致脂质过氧化作用增强及DNA损伤是铅引起机体损伤的主要机制之一.