淮海经济区城市用地全要素生产率综合评价与影响因素研究

基于Malmquist指数与收敛性分析对淮海经济区城市用地全要素生产率（TFP）进行综合评价，在此基础上构建Tobit模型研究城市用地TFP及分解效率影响因素。结果显示：(1）2006~2015年城市用地TFP均值在［0.933,1.107］之间波动，年均增长1.9%，技术进步和技术效率均有贡献，但技术进步贡献大，是主要驱动力。(2）城市用地TFP存在σ收敛与绝对β收敛，不存在条件β收敛。提升土地市场化水平能够促进城市用地TFP趋向自身稳态水平，而城市用地空间结构对此具有抑制作用；(3）各因素对城市用地TFP及分解效率影响不同。人口密度对技术效率具有促进作用，城市空间结构对技术效率与技术进步具有抑制作用；外商投资对技术进步与全要素生产率具有抑制作用，而土地市场化水平对其具有促进作用。研究指出促进技术创新与进步，提高土地市场化水平及改善人地关系，规避外商投资风险与优化城市用地空间结构能提升城市用地全要素生产率。     

纳米铁催化分解高氯酸盐废水的反应动力学

通过实验考察了酸性条件下纳米铁催化分解高氯酸盐过程中的影响因素,对其分解的动力学进行了研究,并对纳米铁催化剂结构及微观形貌进行SEM、EDS和XRD表征分析。利用阿仑尼乌斯方程和幂指数方程拟合反应动力学方程,获得了高氯酸盐分解动力学方程Ct=C0exp{-0.03773exp(-201.65/T)[H]0.191t},理论的计算值与实验值吻合较好,误差在15%以内。     

蒽醌修饰石墨毡电极预处理头孢合成废水

以钛涂钌电极为阳极、自制蒽醌修饰石墨毡电极为阴极,对头孢合成废水(COD=25 000~30 000 mg/L、ρ(NH3-N)=850~1 300 mg/L、色度为2 300~2 680度)进行了电化学氧化预处理,优化了电解条件,并对电化学体系的动力学和稳定性进行了分析。实验结果表明:蒽醌的存在可改善电化学氧化降解效果;在电解时间50 min、电流密度0.14 A/cm2、Na2SO4浓度0.1 mol/L、极板间距2 cm、初始废水p H 7.0的条件下,废水的COD、色度、NH3-N的去除率分别可达45.3%,66.9%,33.6%;BOD5/COD由处理前的0.27增至0.40,可生化性得到改善;COD、色度、NH3-N的电化学氧化降解过程均近似符合一级动力学方程;且该电化学体系的应用稳定性良好。     

活性炭吸附和两级Fenton氧化组合工艺处理高盐对氨基苯酚生产废水

采用活性炭吸附和两级Fenton氧化组合工艺对高盐度对氨基苯酚生产废水进行了处理实验研究。结果表明,p H值对活性炭去除有机物的影响较小。当活性炭投加量为4 g/L时,TOC去除率61%。分级加药可以有效提高Fenton氧化对有机物的去除效率。在温度为25℃、p H为3、30%H2O2投加量为3%(V/V)、Fe2+/H2O2摩尔比为0.05时,两级Fenton氧化处理后,出水TOC降至150 mg/L以下。此外,Fenton氧化后形成氢氧化铁污泥颗粒粒径为4.5μm,经过聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)絮凝之后,污泥的粒径明显增加,过滤特性改善。PAM絮凝效果依赖于溶液的p H值,当p H超过10后会失去作用,故在使用过程中需要严格控制溶液的p H值。     

Effects of rare earth elements on the distribution of mineral elements and heavy metals in horseradish

In order to investigate the effects of rare earth elements (REEs) on horseradish, the distribution of the mineral elements and heavy metals in different organs of horseradish have been studied by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Meanwhile, three variable major parameters, namely the concentration of REEs, the type of REEs, and the growth stage of plant were chosen. The results indicated that the test REEs, Ce(III) and Tb(III), could be accumulated in leaves, stems and roots of horseradish. In addition, we found that the content of mineral elements was increased in horseradish treated with 20mgl(-1) of Ce(III), but not those with the 20mgl(-1) of Tb(III). Moreover, the content of mineral elements in horseradish was decreased with the increasing concentration of REEs (100, 300mgl(-1)). Furthermore, we found that there were the opposite effects on the content of the heavy metals in horseradish treated with REEs. Finally, we found that the effect of REEs on the accumulation of REEs, and the content of mineral elements or heavy metals of horseradish during vigorous growth stage, no matter positive or negative, was more obvious than that of the other growth stages. These results demonstrated that the distribution behaviors of mineral elements and heavy metals in horseradish can be affected by the type and concentration of REEs, and the growth period of plant.     

Distribution of elements in needles of Pinus massoniana (Lamb.) was uneven and affected by needle age

Macronutrients (P, S, K, Na, Mg, Ca), heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd,) and Al concentrations as well as values of Ca/Al in the tip, middle and base sections, and sheaths of current year and previous year needles of Pinus massoniana from Xiqiao Mountain were analyzed and the distribution patterns of those elements were compared. The results indicated that many elements were unevenly distributed among the different components of needles. Possible deficiency of P, K, Ca, Mn and Al toxicity occurred in needles under air pollution. Heavy metals may threaten the health of Masson pine. Needle sheaths were good places to look for particulate pollutants, in this case including Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and Al.     

上流式多级厌氧反应器中厌氧颗粒污泥特性研究

高品质厌氧颗粒污泥是厌氧反应器实现高效、稳定运行的关键和基础.在实现上流式多级厌氧反应器(UMAR)处理木薯变性淀粉废水高效运行的基础上,对厌氧颗粒污泥的浓度分布、粒径分布、沉降速度、产甲垸活性,辅酶F420和生物相等作进一步的研究.根据在实验工艺条件下培养得到的厌氧颗粒污泥的性能,探讨厌氧颗粒污泥的可能形成机制.     

序批式反应器生物强化处理苯酚废水的研究

将4株高效苯酚分解菌湿菌体分3批投加于序批式反应器(SBR),对活性污泥进行生物强化试验,分析活性污泥状态与性能变化,测定生物强化后对苯酚的降解能力.结果表明,随着生物强化过程的进行,沉降性能改善,污泥颗粒化趋势明显;生物强化后,活性污泥对苯酚降解能力、降解速率及对苯酚的耐受性明显提高:苯酚质量浓度为730～960mg/L时,苯酚完全降解时间可由正常的6h缩短至2h;6h内可完全降解苯酚的质量浓度由原来的880mg/L提高到2080mg/L,处理能力提高了1.36倍;当进水苯酚质量浓度增加到2400mg/L时,6h内污泥对苯酚的降解率仍达到60.1%.     

溶胶凝胶法制备磷钨酸掺杂TiO2薄膜及其光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了磷钨酸掺杂的二氧化钛薄膜.通过XRD、FT-TR对该薄膜进行了表征,研究了薄膜在对氯苯酚光降解中的催化活性.结果表明,当磷钨酸与二氧化钛摩尔比为0.01:1、薄膜烧结温度600℃、对氯苯酚溶液浓度30 mg/L(pH＝5)、光催化8 h的条件下,对氯苯酚的降解率超过90%,且薄膜可以重复使用.磷钨酸对二氧化钛的光催化活性具有明显的促进作用.     

生物絮凝剂MBFGA1预处理乳制品加工废水

用生物絮凝剂MBFGA1预处理乳制品加工废水（简称废水）。实验结果表明，废水处理的水力条件为：以150r／min的转速搅拌30S，再以30r／min的转速搅拌20min；MBFGA1的最佳加入量为15mg／L；废水pH为4．0时，MBFGA1对废水的絮凝处理效果最好；废水温度对浊度、COD去除率有一定的影响，在20～45℃时，废水浊度的去除率始终保持在85％以上；30℃时，COD去除率达到最大值65．0％。