河南烟区近35年来相对湿度变化特征分析

利用河南省41个气象观测站1971-2005年4-9月份的逐旬相对湿度资料,采用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验、小波分析等统计方法分析了河南烟区旬相对湿度的时空分布特征和变化规律,并分析了相对湿度与其他气象因子之间的关系.结果表明:4-9月份,河南烟区旬平均相对湿度、旬最大相对湿度、旬最小相对湿度变化均显著...     

煤泥水沉降实验研究

针对某选煤厂煤泥水难以自然沉降的问题,从煤泥水本身的矿物组成出发,探讨了絮凝的机理,通过理论分析和实验研究,选用了3种凝聚剂和3种絮凝剂对煤泥水进行絮凝沉降实验,研究出最佳的凝聚剂和絮凝剂以及最佳药剂配比,加速了煤泥水的沉降,实现了洗水闭路循环。     

Multicriteria Evaluation of Water Resources Sustainability in the Context of Watershed Management1

Kang, Min‐Goo and Gwang‐Man Lee, 2011. Multicriteria Evaluation of Water Resources Sustainability in the Context of Watershed Management. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(4):813‐827. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00559.x Abstract: To evaluate water resources sustainability at the watershed scale within a river basin’s context, the Water Resources Sustainability Evaluation Model is developed. The model employs 4 criteria (economic efficiency, social equity, environmental conservation, and maintenance capacity) and has 16 indicators, integrating them using their relative weights. The model is applied to evaluate the water resources sustainability of watersheds in the Geum River basin, South Korea. A geographic information system is employed to efficiently build a database for the indicators, and the values of the indicators are normalized using the probability distribution functions fitted to the datasets of the indicators. The evaluation results show that, overall, the water resources sustainability of the watersheds in the upper basin is better than other areas due to the good environmental conditions and the dam management policies of South Korea. The analysis of the correlations among the model’s components and the comparison between the results of the model and the Water Poverty Index show that the model can provide reasonable evaluation results for the water resources sustainability of watersheds. Consequently, it is concluded that the model can be an effective tool for evaluating the states of water resource management from the perspective of sustainable development and provide a basis on which to create policies for improving any inadequacies in watersheds.     

8种中药提取物对植物病原真菌的抑制活性

研究目的是改良植物源杀菌剂的筛选思路,降低植物源农药的毒残留,寻找效果较持久的植物源杀菌剂.通过筛选提取常见且具有强抗逆性的植株如柳、盐肤木等植物叶中活性抑菌成分,寻找低毒持效的杀菌剂.从试验数据分析得出,在粗提物质量浓度为50mg/mL时,连翘、盐肤木对3种供试植物病原菌抑制效果显著,抑制率均在65%以上,柳叶、马尾松针、臭椿、茵陈蒿的粗提物对至少两种植物病原菌的菌丝生长速率抑制率在50%以上;香槐和枫杨叶活性较低,仅对其中一种病原菌活性达到50%;柳叶、马尾松针、臭椿叶对两种病原菌气生菌丝的生长状况具有明显的抑制作用;盐肤木粗提物的抑制作用具有较好的延续性,因此连翘、盐肤木作为植物源杀菌剂具有深入研究的价值.     

Health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides with emphasis on DDTs and HCHs in abandoned agricultural soils

The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequence of changing land use from agriculture land to other use purposes with respect to OCPs non-cancer and cancer risk on human health, based on concentrations of DDTs and HCHs in soils collected from 55 locations representing 12 different land use types. There were no non-cancer risks of DDTs and γ-HCHs on adults and children, and there were very low cancer risks of DDD, o,p'-DDE, DDT, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH based on their total concentrations in all samples. Nonetheless, there were significant correlations of DDT to its metabolites (DDE and DDD) (r = 0.506 and r = 0.648) and DDE to DDD (r = 0.438) both at p < 0.01. OCP levels should be routinely monitored in different environmental media and food in order to verify whether there is fresh input. Their potential risks on human health should also be assessed.     

模拟条件下侵蚀-沉积部位土壤CO2通量变化及其影响因素

了解土壤侵蚀与沉积对土壤CO_2通量的影响有助于正确评价侵蚀区域土壤和大气之间CO_2交换过程与机制.本试验于2014和2015年雨季(7~9月)在长武农田生态系统国家野外站进行,利用土壤碳通量测量系统LI-8100(LI-COR,Lincoln,NE,USA)和土壤温度及水分数据采集器(EM50,DECAGON,USA),测定侵蚀和沉积地貌下的土壤CO_2通量、土壤水分和温度,并采集径流泥沙.结果表明:1侵蚀区和沉积区土壤CO_2通量均值依次为1.05μmol·(m~2·s)~(-1)和1.38μmol·(m~2·s)~(-1),沉积区较侵蚀区增幅达31%(P0.05);沉积区土壤CO_2通量温度敏感性(8.14)是侵蚀区(2.34)3倍以上.2侵蚀区与沉积区土壤水分均值分别为0.21 m~3·m~(-3)和0.25 m~3·m~(-3),沉积区较侵蚀区提高19%(P0.05).尽管侵蚀区较沉积区土壤温度稍有提高(7%),但差异不显著.3泥沙中有机碳平均含量(7.26 g·kg~(-1))较试验之初(6.83 g·kg~(-1))提高6%.4土壤水分和土壤有机碳(SOC)在侵蚀区和沉积区的重新分布对土壤CO_2通量空间变异有重要影响.     

沼液施用对麦稻茬口期土壤微生物群落结构特征及功能的影响

为揭示麦稻茬口期沼液施用对土壤微生物群落及功能的影响,通过土柱试验,设置麦秆还田后3种处理［无氮肥（CM）、常规施肥（SN）和添加沼液（SZ）］,采用Illumina高通量测序技术分析了土壤淹水后1 d和21 d土壤细菌及真菌群落的组成、多样性和结构差异,并对其功能进行预测.微生物多样性分析表明,1 d时各处理的真菌α多样性指数均显著高于21 d处理且各处理间无显著差异;21 d时各处理细菌Simpson指数开始出现差异,SZ-21处理的细菌Simpson指数高于SN-21处理,而细菌Chao1指数显著低于SN-21处理;细菌群落结构分析表明,1 d时,SN处理的厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门和放线菌门与其它处理差异较大,而21d时,SZ和SN处理的各细菌菌门相对丰度相似;真菌群落结构分析表明,1 d时,SZ处理中的子囊菌门和接合菌门相对丰度高于SN和CM处理;21 d时,SN和SZ处理的子囊菌门相对丰度均低于CM处理,而接合菌门的相对丰度均高于CM处理.NMDS分析表明,21 d时,SN和SZ处理的细菌和真菌群落组成均有逐渐相似的趋势.PICRUSt功能分析表明,不同时期和不同处理的土壤细菌群落在功能层上表现相似,FUNGuild功能预测反映SZ-21和SN-21处理的真菌功能主要差异体现在腐生营养型和病理营养型上.综上说明茬口期施沼液在一定程度上可以替代化肥平衡土壤养分和维持土壤生态功能,但仍可能存在真菌致病风险.     

Preparation of reverse osmosis membrane with high permselectivity and anti-biofouling properties for desalination

• Nanoparticle incorporation and anti-biofouling grafting were integrated. • Flux of modified membranes was enhanced without rejection sacrificing. • Anti-biofouling property of modified membranes was improved. High performance is essential for the polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes during the desalination process. Herein, RO membranes with high permselectivity and anti-biofouling properties were fabricated by nanoparticles incorporation and anti-biofouling grafting. Hydrotalcite (HT) incorporation was performed with a dual role, enhancing water flux and acting as grafting sites. The HT incorporation increased the water flux without sacrificing the salt rejection, compensating for the loss caused by the following grafting reaction. The exposed surface of HT acted as grafting sites for anti-biofouling agent dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (DMOTPAC). The combination of HT incorporation and DMOTPAC grafting endowed RO membranes with high permselectivity and anti-biofouling properties. The water flux of the modified membrane PA-HT-0.06 was 49.8 L/m²·h, which was 16.4% higher than that of the pristine membrane. The salt rejection of PA-HT-0.06 was 99.1%, which was comparable to that of the pristine membrane. As to the fouling of negatively charged lysozyme, the modified membrane’s water flux recovery was superior to that of the pristine membrane (e.g. 86.8% of PA-HT-0.06 compared to 78.2% of PA-pristine). The sterilization rates of PA-HT-0.06 for E. coli and B. subtilis were 97.3% and 98.7%, much higher than those of the pristine membrane (24.0% for E. coli and 26.7% for B. subtilis).     

Association of hearing loss with total and cause-specific mortality in US adults

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We expected to explore the associations of hearing loss and hearing thresholds at different frequencies with total and cause-specific mortality. In...     

“十四五”我国生态环境统计面临的主要问题与对策建议

经过40多年的发展,我国生态环境统计工作迈入新的阶段。借鉴第二次全国污染源普查经验,生态环境统计改革和例行工作得到稳步推进,但在生态环境统计技术方法体系、质量管理体系、数据加工能力、人才队伍建设等方面还存在短板。因此,为推进“十四五”生态环境统计工作顺利开展,提出以下建议:研究完善生态环境统计技术方法体系,突破技术瓶颈;建立健全生态环境统计质量管理体系与运行机制,明确界定各级责任;提升生态环境统计数据加工能力,强化数据综合分析;加快生态环境统计人才队伍建设,提升基础保障。