深圳土壤稀土元素的背景含量和影响因素研究

为研究深圳市土壤稀土元素的环境背景含量和空间分布特征,以不受或很少受人类活动影响的基本生态控制线区域作为调查范围,在深圳布设450个土壤表层点位、50个典型剖面点位,应用决策单元－多点增量采样方法采集土壤表层样品500个、土壤剖面样品100个.研究结果表明,深圳市表层土壤稀土元素的环境背景含量范围为23.66~1246.26mg/kg,算术平均值285.99mg/kg,高于中国土壤和广东省土壤;轻稀土元素相对于重稀土元素富集,稀土元素的环境背景含量在空间分布上呈现西高东低的特征.深圳市不同土类中稀土元素环境背景含量的95%分位值高低依次为赤红壤 > 红壤 > 黄壤.不同成土母质发育的土壤稀土元素环境背景含量95%分位值大小顺序为变质岩 > 花岗岩 > 片麻岩 > 凝灰熔岩 > 砂砾页岩 > 灰色灰岩.不同剖面层次的土壤稀土元素环境背景含量的95%分位值大小顺序为底层 > 中层 > 表层;随着深度的增加,深圳市土壤稀土元素的环境背景含量也逐渐增加,呈现底聚型特征.成土母质是影响土壤稀土元素环境背景含量的首要因素,花岗岩发育的土壤稀土元素环境背景含量要明显高于砂砾页岩;不同土类也会影响土壤稀土元素的环境背景含量分布,同一成土母质发育的赤红壤稀土元素环境背景含量要高于红壤.典型相关性分析表明,土壤铁、铝等元素与轻稀土元素,以及锰与重稀土元素的背景含量均呈现较强的正相关关系,土壤pH值、黏粒与稀土元素背景含量存在弱正相关,这也侧面反映了土壤稀土元素对成土母质的继承性.     

2016—2019年长江经济带总磷污染及治理特征分析

基于环境统计数据分析了长江经济带工业源和生活源总磷污染及治理特征。结果表明,2016—2019年,长江经济带工业源和生活源总磷排放量总体下降,但占全国比例逐年增加。工业源涉磷企业主要分布在江苏、浙江、四川、湖北等省,主要涉及纺织、农副食品、化工、电镀等行业;下游的南通、苏州、宁波、绍兴和杭州等城市"三磷"企业总磷产生量也较大。工业源总磷治理存在污水处理设施建设和现有治理能力不足的问题。四川、江苏、湖南等地的生活源总磷排放量较大,贵州、江西、云南等地的人均总磷排放量较高。长江经济带上游流域、地区生活污水处理率、总磷去除率较低。建议加强工业源涉磷企业监管和治理力度,强化上游地区生活污水处理设施建设和提标改造,减少总磷污染。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱-选择离子法检测污水中壬基酚

壬基酚是城市污水和再生水中的1种痕量污染物,具有内分泌干扰作用.由于壬基分支程度的不同,有多种同分异构体存在,基体背景复杂,定量检测困难.采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱和选择性离子定量分析方法,对70多个污水和再生水样品中壬基酚同分异构体总量进行了定量检测.结果表明,亲水-亲脂平衡固相萃取柱对壬基酚有良好选择吸附能力,不同水样的浓缩倍数在50～200倍之间.在壬基酚各异构体质谱图中,107、121、135、149、163这5种离子的丰度较高,特异性较强,其响应值总和(∑SIM)占总离子流(TIC)的54.4%～73%,以∑SIM(107、121、135、149、163)色谱图的积分面积作为定量检测的依据,既准确地反映各种异构体的组成,又排除了背景离子的干扰,确保了方法的选择性、准确度和精密度.     

Photocatalytic degradation of triclocarban in aqueous solution using a modified zeolite/TiO2 composite: kinetic,mechanism study and toxicity assessment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The current work aimed to investigate the degradation of the triclocarban (TCC) in aqueous solution using a modified zeolite/TiO2 composite (MZTC)...     

Conceptual frameworks and key questions for assessing the contribution of marine protected areas to shark and ray conservation

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools in addressing the global decline of sharks and rays, and marine parks and shark sanctuaries of various configurations have been established to conserve shark populations. However, assessments of their efficacy are compromised by inconsistent terminology, lack of standardized approaches to assess how MPAs contribute to shark and ray conservation, and ambiguity about how to integrate movement data in assessment processes. We devised a conceptual framework to standardize key terms (e.g., protection, contribution, potential impact, risk, threat) and used the concept of portfolio risk to identify key attributes of sharks and rays (assets), the threats they face (portfolio risk), and the specific role of MPAs in risk mitigation (insurance). Movement data can be integrated into the process by informing risk exposure and mitigation through MPAs. The framework is operationalized by posing 8 key questions that prompt practitioners to consider the assessment scope, MPA type and purpose, range of existing and potential threats, species biology and ecology, and management and operational contexts. Ultimately, MPA contributions to shark and ray conservation differ according to a complex set of human and natural factors and interactions that should be carefully considered in MPA design, implementation, and evaluation.     

Status of Southeast Asia's marine sharks and rays

In Southeast Asia, elasmobranchs are particularly threatened. We synthesized knowledge from the peer-reviewed and gray literature on elasmobranchs in the region, including their fisheries, status, trade, biology, and management. We found that 59% of assessed species are threatened with extinction and 72.5% are in decline; rays were more threatened than sharks. Research and conservation is complicated by the socioeconomic contexts of the countries, geopolitical issues in the South China Sea, and the overcapacity and multispecies nature of fisheries that incidentally capture elasmobranchs. The general paucity of data, funds, personnel, and enforcement hinders management. Reduced capacity in the general fishery sector and marine protected areas of sufficient size (for elasmobranchs and local enforcement capabilities) are among recommendations to strengthen conservation.     

城市生活垃圾堆肥对小麦生长和土壤的影响

本文利用城市生活垃圾堆肥作为肥料,采用盆栽法对小麦生长和土壤的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明,施用城市生活垃圾堆肥明显地提高了小麦的生长量,增加了土壤中有机质含量,改变了土壤酸度,降低了土壤的粘滞性,改善了土壤的肥力状况。同时也反映出了小麦籽粒中某些金属元素的含量略有增加的趋势。     

基于MATLABR的水质模型参数的确定方法

基于MATLAB可靠的数值计算、强大的绘图功能和简单易学的语言体系,利用MATLAB对河流水质模型的参数进行最优化估值,同时确定模型中的各个参数.指出MATLAB在运用最优化方法于水质模型多参数求解中的作用.提出了以C语言为基础的算法思想.     

Enabling youth to advocate for workplace safety

Work-related injury rates for Canadian youth (ages 15–24) are alarmingly high compared to adult workers even though youth are less likely to be performing hazardous jobs. This paper reports on a document analysis of youth workplace safety education initiatives sponsored by national and provincial/territorial governmental and non-governmental agencies. Web-based documents were analyzed through the theoretical lens of self-advocacy. The self-advocacy framework highlights how youth can be agentic in altering high-risk workplaces by publicly articulating their own interests, needs, and rights (Test et al., 2005); thus, self-advocacy is a critical component in studying educational programs for youth safety. The analysis revealed that instruction on workplace safety identifies safety issues to workers and tells youth to work safely but does little to promote self-advocacy in young workers.     

保护青藏高原的生态环境--记第三届中华环境奖获得者孙永福

被称之为"天路"的青藏铁路格尔木至拉萨段通车在即,这条世界高原最具挑战性的铁路建设,是党中央、国务院的一项重要战略决策,也是西部大开发的标志性工程.