不同回流比对无植物垂直流人工湿地除氮效果的影响

通过内碳源前置反硝化脱氮工艺试验,比较了不同回流比对垂直流人工湿地除氮效果的影响。试验结果表明,TN去除率随着回流比增加而增加,NH⁺₄-N去除率则随着回流比的增加先降低后增加的趋势,两者去除率之和以回流比200％为最高,以回流比150％次之,以回流比100％为最低。从TN的去除率来看,回流比150％略高于回流比200％。     

大规模突发事件应急物资调度的过程模型

指出现有关于应急物资调度文献的不足,给出大规模突发事件的定义;结合我国近年来几起大规模突发事件总结出该事件的特征;分析大规模突发事件应急物资调度的特征,从应急物资的调度准备、调度实施、调度评估3个阶段进行设计并解释了大规模突发事件应急物资调度的全过程模型。该模型为大规模突发事件应急物资调度决策提供理论依据和方法指导,对当今的公共安全和社会稳定具有重要价值和现实意义。     

“博戈罗茨克”国际应急演练

时间：2009年5月19-22日 地方：俄罗斯联邦莫斯科州诺金斯克市179训练基地 行动：上合组织“博戈罗茨克”民防救灾演练 主题：实施破坏性地震救援和其他应急救灾行动     

影响侧沟式膜泥法一体化OCO工艺脱氮效率的因素研究

采用侧沟式膜泥法一体化OCO工艺处理模拟生活污水,考察了DO、HRT和C/N 3种影响因素对模拟生活污水脱氮的效果。研究结果表明：在好氧区DO为2 mg/L左右、HRT=12 h、C/N为7.5左右时,具有较理想的脱氮效果,TN去除率达到了80%;试验还表明本工艺具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力。     

染料废水生物膜中酶的作用特性与条件优化

通过对兼氧-好氧染料废水处理系统兼氧生物膜中脱氢酶、脂肪酶和酯酶的活性分析,研究了3种酶的作用特性以及最佳条件优化。试验结果表明,脱氢酶作为一种胞内酶,在出水水样中仍能检测到2.2%的活性存在;82.5%脂肪酶和79.9%的酯酶分布在生物膜中,这说明绝大多数脂肪酶和酯酶是与细胞相连或固定在细胞外多聚絮体基质中。0.4 mmol/L的抑制剂EDTA对脱氢酶活性有促进作用,而对脂肪酶和酯酶的抑制率分别达到59.8%和18.9%。正交试验结果表明,待测3种酶有最大活性的条件均为：温度为60℃,底物浓度为50 μmol/L,pH为8,在优化条件下待测酶活性可达常规作用条件的2.58～6.44倍。各因素对待测酶活性的影响强弱排序为：温度>底物浓度>pH。     

木质纤维素水提物促进白腐菌降解孔雀绿研究

对经白腐菌处理的木质纤维素水提物能否促进白腐菌对孔雀绿的降解及其反应机制进行了研究,并探讨了不同木质纤维素组分对白腐菌降解孔雀绿的影响.结果表明,经白腐菌处理不同时间的木质纤维素水提物均能促进白腐菌对孔雀绿的降解,该类物质的加入能缩短白腐菌生长周期及漆酶分泌周期;限氮培养基更有利于白腐菌对孔雀绿的脱色,半纤维素的加入对白腐菌降解孔雀绿的促进作用最为明显.     

Environmental–geochemical characteristics of Cu in the soil and water in copper-rich deposit area of southeastern Hubei Province, along the middle Yangtze River, Central China

In this study, the natural Cu background concentration and Cu natural and anthropogenic contamination in soil, water and crop were investigated systematically in Huangshi area. The results show that regional geology is the dominant factor controlling the natural Cu background concentration in soil and water, and that pH is important to control the vertical distribution of Cu in soil under the same geographical and climatic conditions. The mineralization of rock bodies causes the natural Cu increase in soil and water, whereas, a large number of mining–smelting plants and chemical works are the main sources of Cu anthropogenic contamination. Cu in naturally and anthropogenically polluted soil displays differences in total and available contents, vertical distribution patterns and physico-chemical properties, the same happens in water.     

Mercury contamination in vicinity of secondary copper smelters in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province, China: Levels and contamination in topsoils

In the present study, we aim to investigate the extent of soil contamination by Hg, particularly by anthropogenic Hg, and tentatively estimate the total Hg (Hg_T) accumulation in topsoils (0-15 cm) in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province—a secondary Cu smelter of China. The results show that the levels of soil Hg in the vicinity of the smelters have been substantially elevated following local smelting activities. The spatial distribution of soil Hg in this area reveals a rapid decrease as the distance from the smelter reaches 1.5 km, which is probably due to the quick deposition process of particulate Hg and reactive gaseous Hg emitted from the smelters. The total accumulation of Hg_T in the topsoils of the study area of 10.9 km² is approximately 365-561 kg and of which 346-543 kg might be contributed by anthropogenic emission alone with an annual emission of 17.3-27.2 kg Hg to the topsoils.     

侧沟式膜泥法一体化OCO工艺中水力停留时间对脱氮除碳的影响

在传统OCO工艺基础上设计了一体化OCO工艺,在厌氧区放置填料,将二沉池和生物反应器合建,并就水力停留时间(HRT)对生物反应器脱氮除碳的影响进行研究。在进水COD为260～360 mg/L,好氧区DO为2 mg/L左右,缺氧区<0.5 mg/L,MLSS为4 500 mg/L左右时,分别研究了不同HRT下的脱氮除碳效果。研究结果表明：随着HRT的逐渐增大,出水COD值无明显波动,COD去除率达到90%以上,出水氨氮随着HRT的增大而降低;但仅当HRT为12 h左右时,氨氮和总氮均有良好的去除效果,去除率分别可达到93%和80%。     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Adaptation strategies of farmers to drought in a changing climate in Dingcheng County,Hunan, southern China

Regional Environmental Change -