共基质对白腐菌降解喹啉的影响

选用吲哚、苯酚和氨氮作为喹啉降解的共基质.通过白腐菌BP对共基质的降解,研究了白腐菌BP对不同共基质降解体系中喹啉的降解过程及其反应动力学,同时研究了共基质物质对白腐菌BP漆酶活力、生物量增长速率和降解体系pH的影响.结果显示,白腐菌BP对不同共基质降解体系中的喹啉均具有较高的降解率,共基质物质苯酚、吲哚和氨氮对喹啉的降解有一定的抑制作用;共基质降解体系使白腐菌BP漆酶系统启动更加迅速,漆酶活力峰值提前出现;共基质降解体系能促进白腐菌BP的生长,缩短白腐菌BP的生长周期;秸秆滤出液培养基中,pH为6.00～8.00时,白腐菌BP对喹啉均具有较强的降解能力.     

开放体系下稻草-白腐菌对染料的吸附脱色与降解

在开放体系下,研究了稻草-白腐菌对孔雀绿和结晶紫的吸附脱色与降解.结果表明,稻草能有效地对孔雀绿和结晶紫进行吸附脱色,其中稻草用量、粒径和pH对稻草吸附染料有一定的影响,在合适条件下稻草对孔雀绿和结晶紫的最大吸附量分别可达到31.89、52.98mg/g;在吸附孔雀绿和结晶紫的稻草中接入白腐菌,发现开放体系下白腐菌能对两种染料进行降解,6d后,孔雀绿和结晶紫的脱色率分别达到93.67%和80.OO%;再生后的稻草基质对孔雀绿和结晶紫也有较好的吸附,最大再生率分别达到74.45%和43.34%.降解过程中白腐菌分泌酶的酶活力与染料及稻草基质降解没有直接的联系.     

白腐菌S.commune降解微囊藻毒素-LR的研究

为研究真菌对微囊藻毒素的降解作用,以白腐菌S.commune为降解菌,微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)为降解目标进行生物降解,考察了白腐菌预培养方式及降解过程中的培养方式、充氧方式、温度、初始pH以及MC-LR初始浓度对降解效果的影响.结果表明,白腐菌可有效降解MC-LR,经液体预培养白腐菌对MC-LR的降解效果好于固体预培养,白腐菌静置培养过程中每天充入纯氧1min有助于MC-LR的降解,白腐菌降解MC-LR的最佳初始pH为4.5,适宜温度为30～35℃.白腐菌对MC-LR的降解能力随MC-LR初始浓度的增加而降低.在最佳条件下,当MC-LR初始质量浓度为1 mg/L时,其完全降解需要2d；当MC-LR初始质量浓度为15 mg/L时,其完全降解需要7d.高浓度MC-LR(30 mg/L以上)会对白腐菌生长产生抑制作用.MC-LR降解中间产物的具体结构尚不清楚,有待未来深入分析研究.     

二鼠李糖脂对白腐菌降解稻草中木质纤维素的影响

通过固态发酵方式采用白腐菌对稻草中木质纤维素进行降解,并研究了生物表面活性剂二鼠李糖脂对该降解过程的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的二鼠李糖脂能在不同程度上提高降解过程水溶性有机碳的含量,添加0.007%和0.021%二鼠李糖脂的实验组最高TOC(total organic carbon)浓度较对照组分别提高了83.6%和54.5%,这有利于黄孢原毛平革菌的生长,且延缓了菌体的衰退。添加临界胶束浓度0.007%和0.021%浓度的二鼠李糖脂可使LiP(lignin peroxidase)酶活分别提高85.7%和41.2%,二鼠李糖脂对MnP(manganese peroxidase)酶活没有显著影响。生物表面活性剂的介入促进了白腐菌对稻草中木质素的降解,添加0.007%二鼠李糖脂可使木质素降解率提高54%。     

白腐菌降解木素酶系及其作用机理

制浆行业目标是脱除木质素,留下纤维素.白腐菌对木素的选择降解性能是造纸工业兴起研究领域如生物制浆,生物漂白及污染处理的理论基础.本文对有关白腐菌降解木素的酶系及作用机制作了概述,目的在于绘出一幅整体的木素降解酶系相互依存的图景,以便人们扩大视野,全面深入研究木素降解过程.     

阳离子对白腐菌降解水溶液中苯酚的影响

以白腐菌降解水溶液中的苯酚为研究对象，研究了Na^＋、K^＋、cu^2＋、Pb^2＋、Ca^2＋等阳离子对降解过程的影响。结果表明：Na^＋、K^＋、Cu^2＋、Ph^2＋等阳离子对白腐菌降解苯酚有抑制作用，其抑制阈值分别为800、600、4和10mmol／L，但Ca^2＋对白腐菌降解苯酚没有明显的影响。     

白腐菌处理染料废水的研究进展

白腐菌是一种可有效处理染料废水的丝状真菌 ,它可通过其分泌的特殊的降解酶系或其他机制将各种人工合成的染料彻底降解为CO2 和H2 O ,同时 ,对脱色具有良好的作用。本文就白腐菌的生物学特性及其对染料的降解酶系、机理和白腐菌发酵的主要影响因子、白腐菌处理染料废水的有关研究及应用现状进行了综述     

白腐菌降解木素酶系及其作用机理

制交行业目标是脱除木质素,留下纤维素。白腐菌对木素的选择降解性能是造纸工业兴起研究领域如生物浆浆,生物漂白及污染处理的理论基础。本文对有关白腐菌降解木素的酶系及作用机制作了概述,目的在于绘出一幅整体的木素降解酶系相互依存的图景,以便人们扩大视野,全面深入研究木素降解过程。     

白腐菌处理染料废水的研究进展

白腐菌是一种可有效处理染料废水的丝状真菌，它可通过其分泌的特殊的降解酶系或其他机制将各种人工合成的染料彻底降解为CO2和H2O，同时，对脱色具有良好的作用。本文就白腐菌的生物学特性及其对染料的降解酶系，机理和白腐菌发酵的主要影响因子，白腐菌处理染料废水的有关研究及应用现状进行了综述。     

白腐真菌对受喹啉污染模拟土壤的生物修复研究

通过引入白腐真菌对受喹啉污染的模拟土壤进行生物修复.结果表明,白腐真菌对受喹啉污染土壤的生物修复是可行的;土壤含水率升高,喹啉去除率提高;投菌量越大,喹啉的去除效果越显著;不同pH土壤中的白腐真菌对喹啉降解差异不大,添加木屑能为白腐真菌提供额外的营养源,对土壤中喹啉的降解起到了促进作用.     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的策划

在实施ISO／IEC 17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节，提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求，为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.