中国环境影响评价中的公众参与问题浅析

简述了环境影响评价中，公众参与的概念，分析了公众参与的必然性及其发展历程，同时也指出了目前环境影响评价中，公众参与存在的问题，通过分析，提出了若干建议。     

1，4-二氯苯在土壤中吸附特性的研究

在实验室条件下，以平衡振荡法研究了土壤吸附1，4-二氯苯的影响因素，用Freudlich和Langmuir经验公式，对实验数据进行了拟合，研究了土壤对1，4-二氯苯的吸附模型，并对其吸附动力学进行了初步探讨，并测定了吸附速率常数。     

臭氧微气泡深度处理染料废水生化出水

采用臭氧氧化法对某厂染料废水生化出水进行深度处理，考察了废水初始pH值和臭氧气泡大小对废水处理效果的影响，研究了臭氧微气泡对气液传质的影响。结果表明，在pH 2.5~11范围内，废水初始pH值越大，处理效果越好；加载微孔膜片后，臭氧气泡粒径变小，增大了臭氧的传质比表面积，延长了臭氧气泡在反应柱内的停留时间，强化了传质效果，处理废水的臭氧利用率可增大10%~30%，强化了臭氧氧化作用。加载5 μm孔径的膜片相比无膜片的情况，COD去除率提高了近30%，TOC去除率提高了16%。     

硫化物标准溶液的稳定性探讨

对硫化物标准溶液保存的时间进行了探讨，试验结果表明，在低温冷藏和密封贮存的条件下，配置的硫化物标准溶液性质比较稳定，可以保存12个月，因此大大降低了试剂的消耗，提高了工作效率，并结合多年的分析体会，提出了分析过程中应注意的事项，在实际工作中有一定的推广价值。     

新型悬浮填料澄清池中填料对澄清作用的影响初探

为考察可取代传统二沉池的新型悬浮填料澄清池技术的原理及关键参数，小试试验研究了填料对新型悬浮填料澄清池固液分离过程中附着污泥形成及其絮凝性能的影响，并对填料在澄清中的作用机理进行了探讨。结果表明，当泥水界面上升至填料区后，可以形成较悬浮污泥更加致密稳定的附着污泥区，并形成孔道流，强化了对混合液中污泥颗粒的絮凝效果；填料区可以捕捉去除从悬浮污泥区中“逃逸”的微小污泥絮体，并降低出水浊度，有效地保证了出水水质的稳定性。填料的存在发挥了强大的整流作用，降低了雷诺数Re，提高了弗汝德数Fr，从而改善了污泥絮凝的水力条件，提高了澄清能力。     

徐州市电磁辐射环境的污染现状调查及评价

调查了徐州市电磁辐射污染源的状况，分析了其电磁辐射环境质量的现状，并对全市电磁辐射环境质量进行了评价，指出了分析工作中存在的问题，提出了防治对策。     

臭氧降解乐果机理研究

研究了臭氧对乐果的降解效果，并探讨了降解机理。考查了不同浓度的臭氧及不同的接触时间对乐果的降解情况。试验发现，当初始臭氧浓度为10mg／L时，乐果的降解在5min内就达到80％左右，延长反应时间，降解率无明显增加。通过添加重碳酸盐和叔丁醇，初步探讨了降解机理，实验表明，臭氧降解乐果是个分子臭氧反应。对处理后的水样进行GC-MS检测，发现了氧化乐果的存在，证实了臭氧处理不足的情况下会产生毒副产物。     

水污染现状及其治理措施

水资源是人类社会赖以生存的前提，可是如今，地球生态遭受破坏，水体污染严重性尤为突出，因此，介绍了中国水资源的现状及对水体污染的治理，还介绍了国外对水污染的治理措施和治理经验，重点讲述了中国治理污染水体的对策措施。     

基于三维框架的生态市建设指标体系的构建

生态市的建设，在中国方兴未艾，是当前中国城市发展的最高目标，因此，从逻辑、时间、空间的三维角度，探讨了生态市建设指标体系的构建框架，发展了指标体系构建的理论；在三维框架指导下，构建了一般生态市建设的指标体系，突出了经济循环能力及其生态文化的相关指标，为各地生态市建设提供参考。     

苏州高新区出口加工区实施循环经济的环境管理探讨

以苏州高新区出口加工区为例，分析了实施循环经济的环境管理现状及不足，指出了主要环境问题，提出了实施循环经济的环境管理对策，探索了出口加工区循环经济的运行规律，为循环经济的顺利开展提供了科学依据。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的策划

在实施ISO／IEC 17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节，提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求，为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。