利用PCR-DGGE技术分析生物陶粒硝化反应器中微生物群落动态

为了揭示生物陶粒硝化反应器中活性污泥的微生物种群多样性,从运行不同时期的反应器中提取活性污泥,利用PCR-DGGE技术初步分析了生物陶粒反应器细菌的种群演替情况.结果表明,随着进水COD值的逐阶段降低,氨氮去除率逐步提高到64.38%.群落结构和优势种群的数量具有时序动态性,微生物多样性与废水的处理效果出现协同变化的特征.测序结果表明,生物陶粒反应器中运行第21天的优势种群除了自养细菌,还有异养细菌存在.其中自养细菌为Nitrosospira.sp和Nitrobacter.sp,异养细菌为Bacillus.sp、Pseudomonas.sp和Pseudochrobactrum.sp.     

Effects of acid,acid-ZVI/PMS,Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS and ZVI/PMS conditioning on the wastewater activated sludge(WAS)dewaterability and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)

The effects of four conditioning approaches:Acid,Acid-zero-valent iron(ZVI)/peroxydisulfate(PMS),Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS and ZVI/PMS,on wastewater activated sludge(WAS) dewatering and organics distribution in supernatant and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) layers were investigated.The highest reduction in bound water and the most WAS destruction was achieved by Acid-ZVI/PMS,and the optimum conditions were pH 3,ZVI dosage 0.15 g/g dry solid(DS),oxone dosage 0.07 g/g DS and reaction time 10.6 min with the reductions in capillary suction time(CST) and water content(Wc) as 19.67% and 8.49%,respectively.Four conditioning approaches could result in TOC increase in EPS layers and supernatant,and protein(PN) content in tightly bound EPS(TB-EPS).After conditioning,organics in EPS layers could migrate to supernatant.Polysaccharide(PS) was easier to migrate to supernatant than PN.In addition,Acid,Acid-ZVI/PMS or Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS conditioning promoted the release of some polysaccharides containing ring vibrations v P=O,v C-O-C,v C-O-P functional groups from TB-EPS.ESR spectra proved that both radicals of SO_4~-· and·OH contributed to dewatering and organics transformation and migration.CST value of WAS positively correlated with the ratios of PN/PS in LB-EPS and total EPS,while it negatively correlated with TOC,PN content and PS content in TB-EPS,as well as PS content in supernatant and LB-EPS.BWC negatively correlated to zeta potential and TOC value,PN content,and HA content in supernatant.     

隔油沉淀-预曝调节-接触氧化-气浮工艺处理屠宰加工废水

对屠宰加工过程中产生的中高浓度有机废水采用预曝调节-接触氧化-气浮工艺进行处理。当进水COD浓度为980~1200mg/L时,出水COD浓度可降至76.1~104mg/L,优于国家《肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准》(GB13457-92)二级标准,此工艺的抗冲击负荷能力较强,适应于间歇性生产和季节性生产的屠宰加工企业。     

基于WebGIS的浙江近海水环境质量评价系统的研制

以浙江近海为例,采用ArcIMS作为电子地图网络发布平台,集成ASP和Report Service技术,同时采用遥感水质反演的方法获取水环境信息,建立了基于WebGIS的近海水环境质量评价系统.本文讨论了系统的设计思路、数据组织和开发流程,初步实现了水质和水产品质量信息的统计分析、评价咨询、网络发布等功能.     

Detection of Escherichia coli in wastewater based on enzyme immunoassay

This research describes a fast detection method on the basis of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Escherichia coli in drainage of wastewater treatment plants. Optimized conditions such as the reaction format (sandwich or direct), the concentrations of diluted horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-E. coli conjugate, and anti-HPR antibody and pretreatment of E. coli were studied. Those results showed that the linear range of detection for E. coli was 10 cfu/mL-6 × 10⁴ cfu/mL. Compared with conventional methods, it is a convenient and sensitive detection method with low cost. Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(5): 128–131 [译自: 环境科学]     

Determination and discussion hydraulic retention time in membrane bioreactor system

Based on the microorganism kinetic model, the formula for computing hydraulic retention time in a membrane bioreactor system (MBR) is derived. With considering HRT as an evaluation index a combinational approach was used to discuss factors which have an effect on MBR. As a result, the influencing factors were listed in order from strength to weakness as: maximum specific removal rate K, saturation constant Ks, maintenance coefficient m, maximum specific growth rate ,ua and observed yield coefficient Yobs. Moreover, the formula was simplified, whose parameters were experimentally determined in petrochemical wastewater treatment. The simplified formula is θ= 1.1( 1/β -1)(Kｓ S)/KXo , for oetroehemical wastewater treatment K and Ko eaualed 0.185 and 154.2, resoectively.     

稻米和土壤中农美利残留量气相色谱分析方法的研究

建立了测定稻田土壤、稻米中农美利残留量的气相色谱分析方法。用配有NPD的气相色谱仪、DB-1301毛细管柱测定稻田土壤及稻米中农美利的残留量，最低检测浓度为0．01mg／kg、平均回收率为80．4％-99．8％，变异系数为6．3％-11．7％，均达到残留分析的要求。     

论国家生态安全

国家生态安全是一种全新的现代国家安全观，要重视和维护国家生态安全。     

地面除尘在酒钢3#焦炉的应用

论述酒钢3#焦炉推焦过程中产生烟尘的治理方法-地面除尘技术,针对其存在的问题,提出改进方法.     

火灾中均布荷载作用下钢筋混凝土方板的极限分析

本文利用有限差分法确定了火灾时钢筋混凝土板的温度分布，并基于塑性铰线理论确定了火灾时钢筋混凝土方板的破坏机制，根据高温下混凝土和钢筋的力学性能对火灾过程中塑性铰截面的弯矩及板的极限荷载进行了分析，可为建筑结构的耐火设计提供依据。