Temporal variability of soil-atmospheric CO2 and CH4 fluxes from different land uses in mid-subtropical China

Different land uses in subtropics play an important role in regulating the global environmental changes. To reduce uncertainties of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of agricultural soils in subtropical ecosystem, a four years campaign was started to determine the temporal GHG (CO₂ and CH₄) fluxes from seven sites of four land use types (1 vegetable field, 3 uplands, 2 orchards, 1 pine forest). The mean annual budgets of CO₂, and CH₄ were 6.5～10.5 Mg CO₂ ha^?1 yr^?1, and +0.47 ～ ?2.37 kg CH₄ ha^?1 yr^?1, respectively. Pine forest had significantly lower CO₂ emission and higher CH₄ uptake than agriculture land uses. Tilled orchard emitted more CO₂ and oxidized less CH₄ than non-tilled orchard. Upland crops had higher CO₂ emissions than orchards, while abrupt differences of CH₄ uptake were observed between upland crops and orchards. Every year, the climate was warm and wet from April to September (the hot–humid season) and became cool and dry from October to March (the cool–dry season). Driven by seasonality of temperature and WFPS, CO₂ fluxes were significantly higher in the hot–humid season than in cool–dry season. Soil temperature, WFPS, NO₃^?–N and NH₄⁺–N contents interactively explained CH₄ uptake which was significantly higher in cool–dry season than in hot–humid season. We conclude that soil C fluxes from different land uses are strongly under control of different climatic predictors along with soil nutrient status, which interact in conjunction with each other to supply the readily available substrates.     

Situational and dispositional predictors of displays of positive emotions

The study examined the effects of situational (store busyness and customer demand) and dispositional (extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism) factors on the display of positive emotions. We found that for situational factors, customer demand was positively related to displayed positive emotions. For personality factors, extraversion was positively related to displayed positive emotions and neuroticism was negatively related to displayed positive emotions. Usefulness analysis showed that both situational and personality factors contributed significantly to explain the level of positive displayed emotion. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无锡市空间扩展的生态环境质量综合评价研究

伴随着城镇用地空间范围的迅速扩展，随着经济发展和城市化水平的提高，人口增长与土地之间的矛盾日益尖锐复杂，城市生态环境与人居环境的恶化已经严重地制约了经济和社会的发展。因此，合理利用有限的土地资源，保护环境，维护生态平衡，实现生态、经济、社会三者的协调发展是城市发展的目标，即在一定的空间范围和长远的时间量度内，保证城镇在规模扩大、结构优化和功能演进的基础上实现可持续发展。为此，本文在研究城镇用地空间增长和演变过程的基础上，就城市空间增长对生态环境的影响进行了评价。     

绿洲农区土地可持续利用初步研究——以河西走廊临泽样区为例

土地可持续利用就是实现土地生产力的持续增长和稳定性 ,保证土地资源潜力和防止土地退化 ,并具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。本文以河西走廊临泽样区为例 ,以根据土系划分出的三种土地利用方式为研究对象 ,对其在土地可持续利用方面进行了定量化评价研究 ,在此基础上 ,提出了绿洲农区土地可持续利用途径     

聚合硫酸铁絮凝剂的物化性质研究

本文通过对直接氧化法聚合硫酸铁(PFS)的热力学研究,首次报道了PFS的一些物化数据:热容、积分溶解热和反应热效应,并根据稀溶液的依数性原理测定了PFS的平均分子量。     

KClO3氧化法制备PFS的氧化过程研究

聚合硫酸铁是一种高效无机高分子絮凝剂,在水处理领域中应用极其广泛.本文探索了以FeSO4·7H2O为原料,通过试验选择了以KClO3为氧化剂制备PFS,同时考察了氧化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间以及投料方式等因素对氧化过程的影响.     

干旱区灰钙土和风沙土对Zn的吸附与解吸特性

以自然土壤灰钙土和风沙土作为试验供试土壤,研究了Zn在两种土壤样品中的吸附-解吸特性.结果表明:(1)当平衡液中Zn浓度较低时,土壤对Zn的吸附量随浓度的增加而增加,但增加速度较慢;平衡液中Zn浓度继续增加时,吸附量增加速率变大(曲线斜率逐渐增大),由于灰钙土有机质、碳酸钙、p H等高于风沙土,所以灰钙土对Zn的吸附量大于风沙土;(2)在实验设定的浓度范围内,Langmuir模型、Freundlich模型对实验数据的拟合线性相关均极显著,但总体来看Freundlich型吸附等温线方程适合描述土壤对Zn吸附过程;(3)两种土壤的高碳酸钙及有机质含量导致土壤吸附的Zn不容易被解吸,所以两种土壤的解吸量都很少,且灰钙土p H(8.65)大于风沙土(8.17),则风沙土解吸量大于灰钙土,土壤吸附Zn的解吸率与土壤Zn吸附能力呈反比,Zn在风沙土中的解吸率比灰钙土大,所以Zn在沙土的迁移和扩散的风险比灰钙土大,二次函数最为适合模拟土壤中Zn的吸附量与解吸量之间的关系,且随着Zn吸附量的增大,两种土壤对重金属Zn的解吸率均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势.     

广州市小学生多环芳烃内暴露水平

为了解广州市小学生多环芳烃内暴露水平,于2014年9月15~20日在广州市居民区与工业区分别采集了78名、86名小学生的晨尿样品,并利用快速液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪同时检测了样品中10种羟基多环芳烃(OH-PAHs)含量.结果表明,居民区和工业区小学生尿液中ΣOH-PAHs分别为0.83~80.63μmol·mol~(-1)和1.06~72.47μmol·mol~(-1),几何平均值为6.18μmol·mol~(-1)和6.47μmol·mol~(-1),居民区略低于工业区(无统计学意义,P0.05).比较两个区域OH-PAHs不同组分的暴露水平,居民区小学生尿液中1-OHP的暴露水平明显高于工业区(具有统计学意义,P0.05),其他组分无显著差异,与国内外已有研究相比,本研究小学生尿液中OH-PAHs含量较高值得关注.其次,居民区小学生体内OH-PAHs单体之间均显著相关(P0.01),相关系数在0.511~0.928之间;工业区小学生尿液1-OHP与2-OHN、1-OHP与1-OHN之间无显著相关性,其他OH-PAHs单体之间均显著相关(P0.01),相关系数在0.338~0.855之间.这一差异可能指示不同功能区小学生多环芳烃暴露源的差异性,居民区相对单一,而工业区因工业企业、物流交通的排放呈现多源性.