Fe（Ⅱ）EDTA／H2O2电催化降解甲基橙模拟废水的研究

在无隔膜电解槽中，采用SPR（Ru—Ir—TiO2）为阳极，石墨为阴极，考察了Fe（Ⅱ）EDTA／H2O2电催化降解甲基橙（methylorange）模拟废水的影响，发现EDTA很大程度上促进了类电Fenton试剂对甲基橙模拟废水的降解。实验研究表明，在外加电压为5．0V，EDTA：Fe2＋=2：1（摩尔比，Fe2＋=40mmol／L），H202=48mmot／L，电解质Na2SO4=40mmol／L，废水pH值为（6．5±0．1）的条件下，降解260mg／L的甲基橙模拟废水90min，EDTA的加入可以使甲基橙模拟废水的脱色率由29．5％上升到78．4％，COD由571．429mg／L降至80mg／L，COD的降解率为86％，EDTA在此过程中既是催化剂又是反应物，可有效避免EDTA带来二次环境污染的可能性。     

碱度指示MBR中同步硝化反硝化的研究

在连续的操作环境下,通过改变在膜生物反应器(MBR)中的C/N和曝气量,研究碱度对同步硝化反硝化脱氮效果的指示作用。结果发现,在反硝化完全的情况下,出水碱度(330~440 mg/L)在硝化过程中较高并与出水TN表现出好的线性关系(Alk=3.22[N]+333.08,R2=0.85);在硝化完全的情况下,出水碱度(60~280 mg/L)在反硝化过程中较低并与出水TN也有很好的线性关系(Alk=-4.93[N]+317.86,R2=0.89)。实际消耗的碱度可以作为另一个指示因子(ΔAlkexper),实际消耗的碱度随出水的NH4+-N浓度升高而降低(ΔAlkexper=-3.85[N]+149.11,R2=0.88,出水NO3--N4.5 mg/L);实际消耗的碱度随出水的NO3--N浓度升高而升高(ΔAlkexper=3.68[N]+161.11,R2=0.88,出水NH4+-N5.5 mg/L)。虽然pH的变化有一定的规律,但是对SND脱氮效果指示不灵敏。     

Application of a multi-step computation scheme to an intratidal estuarine water quality model

A computation scheme, which involves multi-step computation of the decoupled mass-balance equations in water quality models, was proposed by Park and Kuo (1996. Water Res. 30, 2255–2264). Using a simple hypothetical model, they explained the concept and demonstrated the accuracy and computational efficiency of the multi-step scheme. This paper describes the concept and the implementation of the multi-step computation scheme in a more generalized format for both intratidal and intertidal estuarine water quality models. The scheme is applied to a prototype estuary using a laterally-integrated two-dimensional intratidal model. The computational efficiency of the scheme is demonstrated by comparing the model results using the multi-step scheme with those using the traditional single-step explicit numerical solution of the kinetic processes.     

Does an energy efficiency label alter consumers' purchasing decisions? A latent class approach based on a stated choice experiment in Shanghai

In this paper we conducted a hypothetical choice experiment in Shanghai, China, to examine whether the China Energy Efficiency Label influences consumers' choices of air conditioners and refrigerators. A latent class approach was applied to observe both heterogeneities among the respondents and product brands. Our results suggested that consumers in Shanghai were well aware of the China Energy Efficiency Label and tended to pay more attention to products with such labels. In addition, air conditioners and refrigerators affixed with a hypothetical label that indicates saving in electricity bills compared with a standard model received significant preferences, which suggested that the more information manufacturers provide, the more their products would be preferred by consumers. Finally, weighted by class probability, the willingness to pay values for more energy efficient refrigerators were higher than those for more energy efficient air conditioners, implying that Shanghai consumers have greater incentive to pay more for appliances they use more frequently.     

Air quality impacts of power plant emissions in Beijing

The CALMET/CALPUFF modeling system was applied to estimate the air quality impacts of power plants in 2000 and 2008 in Beijing, and the intake fractions (IF) were calculated to see the public health risks posed. Results show that in 2000 the high emission contribution induced a relatively small contribution to average ambient concentration and a significant impact on the urban area (9.52 microg/m(3) of SO(2) and 5.29 microg/m(3) of NO(x)). The IF of SO(2), NO(x) and PM(10) are 7.4 x 10(-6), 7.4 x 10(-6) and 8.7 x 10(-5), respectively. Control measures such as fuel substitution, flue gas desulfurization, dust control improvement and flue gas denitration planned before 2008 will greatly mitigate the SO(2) and PM(10) pollution, especially alleviating the pressure on the urban area to reach the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). NO(x) pollution will be mitigated with 34% decrease in concentration but further controls are still needed.     

Partitioning and source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rivers in Tianjin, China

Water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment samples were collected from ten rivers in Tianjin and analyzed for 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) in SPM and total organic carbon (TOC) in sediment. The behavior and fate of PAHs influenced by these parameters were examined. Generally, organic carbon was the primary factor controlling the behavior of the 16 PAH species. Partitioning of PAHs between SPM and water phase was studied, and K(OC) for some PAH species were found to be significantly higher than the predicted values. The source of PAHs contamination was diagnosed by using PAH isomer ratios. Coal combustion was identified to be a long-term and prevailing contamination source for sediment, while sewage/wastewater source could reasonably explain a short-term PAHs contamination of SPM.     

浅谈我国环保产业现状及发展方向

随着全球经济的进一步增长及生态环境的急剧恶化，环保产业的发展速度将远远超过其他行业。在世界环保产业市场的角逐中发达国家占有绝对的优势。我国环保产业跻身国际市场，首先要解决技术起点低，实力差的问题，并要扩大生产规模，走集约化经营道路，加大环保产业投入，选择好环境技术、设备的出口市场。     

可持续城市发展的生态原则及其对策

文章论述了城市生态化及其发展对策 ,提出可持续城市发展的概念及其生态原则 ,以期推动我国城市生态化和可持续城市建设工作的开展     

人金属硫蛋白基因(MT1E)在毕赤酵母中的表达及其铬抗性

金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein,MT)是一类富含半胱氨酸的蛋白质,巯基含量丰富,其半胱氨酸上的巯基对重金属离子有极强的结合力,能够结合重金属形成无毒或低毒的络合物,具有重金属解毒的功能.本文根据已公布的人金属硫蛋白基因MT1E序列,用Vector NTI 7.0软件设计合成12条寡聚核苷酸片段,并拼接得到MT1E完整基因.将测序正确的MT1E基因克隆至酵母表达载体pPIC9K,酶切验证后的阳性克隆命名为pPIC9K-MT1E,含有该重组基因的毕赤酵母工程菌命名为GS115/pPIC9K-MT1E.通过酶联免疫(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)方法检测到GS115/pPIC9K-MT1E工程菌发酵液有金属硫蛋白酶活性,表明人金属硫蛋白MT1E基因能在毕赤酵母GS115菌株中正确分泌表达.铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)、铬(Cr)、钴(Co)重金属抗性分析表明,工程菌GS115/pPIC9K-MT1E对Cr(Ⅵ)的抗性较强,有解毒重金属Cr(Ⅵ)的能力.     

原子荧光光谱法测定空气中硒化氢的不确定度评定

依据JJF1059.1-2012,确立测量结果和不确定度评价的数学模型,从采集气样体积和采气后滤膜消解液待测物浓度和定容体积三个部分,A类不确定度和B类不确定度二个方面评定测量过程的不确定度,量化各不确定度分量。本次测量相对合成标准不确定度为0.024,较大的不确定度是样品浓度测量过程中的A类不确定度,主要由标准曲线测量和样品测量随机偏差引入,分量值分别为0.013和0.011。本次测量结果为0.169±0.008mg/m3(包含区间在0.161～0.177mg/m3),k=2。即在包含概率约为95%的条件下,可以判定该工作场所空气中硒化氢的含量已经超过了PC-TWA标准限值。