KMnO4改性活性炭对臭气中甲硫醇的吸附特性

针对普通活性炭对污水厂臭气中甲硫醇吸附量低的问题,采用KMnO4浸渍改性以获得高甲硫醇吸附量的改性活性炭,通过低温氮吸附仪、扫描电子显微镜和Boehm滴定等表征揭示改性后活性炭吸附量提高的原因,并进行改性活性炭吸附甲硫醇的动力学和热力学研究。结果表明:在KMnO_4浓度为1%、温度为25℃、活性炭与浸渍液质量比为8∶100的条件下浸渍6 h,改性活性炭对甲硫醇的静态吸附量最高,达到344.22 mg·g~(-1),是未改性前的4.04倍:改性活性炭对甲硫醇吸附量提高的原因主要是表面碱性基团的增加(是原来的2.53倍),以及微孔容积和比表面积的增加。改性活性炭对甲硫醇的吸附符合准二级动力学模型,同时粒子内扩散模型显示吸附过程由气相扩散和内扩散共同作用;符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,具有多层吸附特征,且吸附容易进行,属于优惠吸附,是一个自发、放热和熵减的过程,升温不利于对甲硫醇的吸附。     

抚顺市水污染源调查及对策分析

于2002年对抚顺市辖区内水污染源进行了调查，结果表明：抚顺市COD排放总量为5．8万吨，入浑河总量2.7万吨，氨氮总排放量为0．7万吨，入浑河总量0．2万吨．分析了造成水污染的主要原因，提出了水污染防治对策。     

Membrane fouling control by ultrasound in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

In this study, ultrasound was used to control the membrane fouling online in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR). Short-term running experiments were carried out under different operating conditions to explore feasible ultrasonic parameters. The experimental results indicated that when the crossflow velocity was more than 1.0 m/s, membrane fouling could be controlled effectively only by hydrodynamic methods without ultrasound. When ultrasound was applied, an ultrasonic power range of 60–150 W was suitable for the membrane fouling control in the experimental system. The experimental results showed that the membrane fouling was controlled so well that membrane filtration resistance (ΣR) could stay at 5 × 10¹¹ m^?1 for more than a week with the crossflow velocity of 0.75 m/s, which equaled the effect of crossflow velocity of more than 1.0 m/s without ultrasound.     

冰川环境耐冷菌的冷适蛋白酶分离纯化及酶学性质

采用离交和凝胶层析对“中国冰川1号”耐冷菌BacilluscereusSYPA23所产的蛋白酶进行分离纯化,并进行酶学性质研究.与中温酶相比,该蛋白酶具有较高的低温催化活力,其最适催化温度为42℃,适宜pH为7.0～8.5,SDSPAGE测定的分子量(Mr)为34.2×103.金属离子Mn2 、Ca2 对该酶有激活作用,Cu2 、Hg2 、Pb2 、Co2 对其活性有一定抑制作用.该酶属金属蛋白酶,其活性受EDTA强烈抑制,不受PMSF抑制.该蛋白酶具有低温酶典型的热不稳定性,0℃下半衰期24h,但Ca2 和一些低分子醇类物质能提高其稳定性.动力学数据分析表明,该蛋白酶在低温下对底物亲和能力高,在较宽温度范围内(25～45℃)均保持着较高的催化效能.图7表3参17     

尿中1-羟基芘的同步荧光测定法

本文报告1-羟基芘的荧光光谱在碱性溶液中的红移现象,研究了在1mol/l NaOH溶液中的同步荧光光谱,得出最适△λ为35nm.以此为基础建立了尿中1-羟基芘的同步荧光测定法,回收率80%,精密度8.0%,检测下限0.05ng/ml.     

物理化学法处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究进展

本文介绍了渗滤液的特性 ,指出物理化学法是渗滤液处理过程中不可缺少的环节。总结了物理化学法处理渗滤液的进展状况 ,并提出了物理化学法处理渗滤液存在的问题及未来发展趋势     

臭氧/高锰酸盐预氧化对生物过滤净水效能的影响

比较了臭氧(O3)和高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)对水源水预氧化的助凝效果及其对后续陶粒生物过滤净水效能的影响.结果表明,两种预氧化剂投加量均为2 mg/L时,PPC的助凝效果较为明显,浊度和溶解性有机碳(DOC)的去除率分别由未投加氧化剂时的85.7%和24.2%提高到88.3Z和35.2%;O3能够增加沉淀后水的可生化性,使特征紫外吸光度(SUVA)由0.97L/(m·mg)降至0.89 L/(m·mg).PPC预氧化有助于生物过滤对浊度的稳定去除,而O3预氧化则有助于生物过滤对DOC的去除.与O3预氧化相比,PPC预氧化有利于后续生物过滤运行初期对NH4 -N的去除,二者后续生物过滤在前3个月对NH4 -N的平均去除率分别为26.6%和73.1%,运行后期二者NH4 -N去除率接近.当进水NH4 -N大于2.0 mg/L时,DO是其去除的主要限制因素.     

阳离子树脂法提取活性污泥胞外聚合物的研究

考察了树脂法提取活性污泥中胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substance,EPS)的影响因素,确定了最佳的提取条件.试验结果表明,树脂量60g/g VSS,振摇频率200r/min下处理4 h,EPS的提取量达到111.20 mg/L,DNA占提取量的12.13%.该方法的重现性试验结果还表明,EPS及其各成分的相对标准偏差在2.21%～6.07%之间,能较好地满足试验要求,是一种可靠的EPS提取方法.     

Capacity estimation and preliminary strategy for reducing the release of dioxins in China

As a party of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, China must submit its national implementation plan (NIP) for this convention. The strategy and action plan for reducing the release of dioxins in China are the most important components of the NIP. Three problems are key points for developing such strategy and action plan—what are the key sources for applying the best available technology/best environmental practice (BAT/BEP) to reduce the release of dioxins? How about the capacity for reducing the dioxins release from the key sources? Where are the areas of priority for applying BAT/BEP? This paper shows the efforts towards the solution of these problems. The list of key sources covering about half of the total dioxins release was determined considering four criteria. The capacity of key sources were estimated based on the difference between the emission factor corresponding to the actual situation in 2004 and that corresponding to the scenario that all key sources have been applied BAT/BEP to reduce the dioxins release. The priority analysis using the geographical information system (GIS) tool has revealed that castern provinces should be of high priority in the future reduction activities of dioxins release in China.